Effects of Halal Awareness, Service Quality and Promotion on Visitor Decisions Through Destination Imagery as a Mediator

: Indonesia has a diversity of destinations and natural and cultural wealth; major assets that other countries might not have. Tourists’ desire to travel is undoubtedly diverse. Hence, the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia carried out promotions to increase the number of tourist visits by providing halal tourism locations that promoted the Muslim-friendly concept. This study determines the impact of halal awareness, service quality, and promotion on visitor decisions through destination imagery. The research method was descriptive quantitative, incorporating a purposive sampling technique to select participants who are visitors or people who have visited Kota Tua. The present study data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 150 respondents who had visited Kota Tua tourist attractions in the past six months. The data analysis technique used was path analysis using SPSS software. The Cronbach’s Alpha value for every variable was greater than 0.60, which implies the questions were trustworthy and it was possible to use each one. Based on the path analysis, halal awareness, service quality, and promotion impact on destination imagery has an R Square (R 2 ) of 0.364 or 36.4%. The impact of halal awareness, service quality, and promotion on visitor decisions has an R 2 of 0.548 or 54.8%. The findings indicated that halal awareness has a significant impact on destination imagery. Service quality promotion did not have a significant impact on destination imagery. Halal awareness and service quality did not significantly impact visitor decisions. Promotion and destination imagery had a significant impact on visitor decisions.


Introduction
Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world.Based on the World Population Review Report in 2023, Indonesia has a population of around 278.8 million people and more than 236 million or 86.7 percent of them are Muslim.From a marketing viewpoint, this dominance can be beneficial as a potential market share for Islamic finance, halal products, and services.Based on Table 1, the State Global Islamic Economy (SGIE) in 2023 reported that Indonesia was ranked third in the Islamic economy sector under Saudi Arabia and Malaysia.The Islamic sub-sectors include Islamic finance, halal food, Muslimfriendly travel, modest fashion, pharmaceutical and cosmetics, and halal media and recreation.In addition, Bank Indonesia noted that Indonesia's Islamic economy and finance in 2023 grew, driven by the performance of the leading halal value chain sector, which grew by 3.93 percent yearly.The leading halal value chain sector supports almost 23 percent of the national economy, contributing to the agricultural and halal food and beverage sectors, Muslim-friendly tourism, and modest fashion.Historical SGIE reports from 2014 to 2023 support data from Bank Indonesia.Based on Figure 1, almost all sub-sectors of the Islamic economy fluctuate.However, in the last three years, the sub-sectors have continuously increased, starting from Islamic finance, halal food, modest fashion, pharma and cosmetics, and halal media and recreation.The graph shows that the highest increase is from the Islamic finance sub-sector, the second position is halal food, and the third is Muslimfriendly travel.The increase in the Muslim-friendly travel sub-sector with scores in the last three years, including in 2021 of 45.3, in 2022 of 58.0, and finally in 2023 of 60.7.The data above explains that the score that has increased from year to year from the Muslim-friendly travel sub-sector shows an increase in the number of domestic or international visitors, which also impacts positive economic growth.It undoubtedly follows the statement from Muhajir et al. (2020) and Warto & Samsuri (2020) that Muslimfriendly tourism is very important for national economic development and growth.
GMTI 2019 interprets that a tourism attraction can be categorized as halal when it has a religionbased service ecosystem such as halal food, worship facilities, restrooms providing ablution water, and not being in an Islamophobic environment.Another essential point is the capability to provide comfort without forgetting the obligations of faith and always increase understanding through historical and cultural heritage journeys.The increase in the tourism sector, especially halal tourism, has been seen throughout 2019 (Ainin et al., 2020;Slamet et al., 2022).Thus, GMTI 2019 has rewarded Indonesia  (Nisthar & Mustafa, 2019).Halal tourism has been a leading sector, as illustrated in the 2023 Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI) report on halal tourism worldwide.Thus, GMTI 2023 has awarded Indonesia the top halal tourism destination category in the world.Indonesia and Malaysia jointly hold the prestigious top position in GMTI 2023.Indonesia has reclaimed its top position after previously jointly topping the rank in 2019, while Malaysia has maintained its consistent position at the forefront of GMTI since its inception in 2015.
The Indonesian Central Statistics (BPS) reports that, in 2023, Indonesia will have 11,677,825 foreign tourists, most of whom will come from Malaysia.Other data predicted that 2026 the total number of worldwide Muslim travelers will reach 230 million people.Based on these two data, Indonesia is the top halal tourist destination.Therefore, Muslim-friendly tourism is expected to support the service trade balance and revive multiple sectors, including aviation, hospitality, and culinary businesses (Assagaf et al., 2022;Mahardika, 2020;Pratiwi et al., 2018;Satriana & Faridah, 2018).
From another perspective, halal tourism interprets that a tourist attraction can be categorized as halal when it has a religion-based service ecosystem, such as halal food, worship facilities, restrooms providing ablution water, and not being in an Islamophobic environment.Another essential point is the capability to provide comfort without forgetting faith obligations and increase understanding through historical and cultural heritage journeys (Pantouw & Pangemanan, 2014).
CrescentRating, Bank Indonesia and the Indonesian Halal Tourism Association (PPHI) on the Indonesia Muslim Travel Index (IMTI) 2023 provide access, communication, environment, and services assessments.IMTI ranks 15 provinces that have succeeded in becoming destinations for Muslim tourists, as shown by the scores in Table 2. Based on Table 2, Indonesia has 15 leading halal tourism destinations, in which Nusa Tenggara Barat was first ranked and DKI Jakarta was fourth.It is interesting because Jakarta is, apart from being the country's capital, visited by many people for work and travel, and many facilities support halal tourism like hotels and restaurants.The Jakarta Tourism and Creative Office stated that nine destinations could be developed into Muslim-friendly destinations: Taman Impian Jaya Ancol, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Kepulauan Seribu, Kota Tua, Situ Babakan, Sarinah, Thamrin City, Jalan Raden Saleh and Senayan area.According to data from the Jakarta Central Statistics Office, there has been an increase in the trend of foreign tourists visiting Jakarta.In 2023, 1,970,000 international tourists were registered in Jakarta, representing a 109.06percent increase over 2022, when only 938,991 foreign tourists arrived.Foreign tourists were dominated by 18.06 percent from China, 13.68 percent from Malaysia, 8.82 percent from Singapore, 6.32 percent from Saudi Arabia, 6.05 percent from Japan, and others.
Many visits by tourists affect the level of regional income.However, DKI Jakarta has more tourist places offering pleasure or entertainment than those providing knowledge, insights, and historical stories, such as museums.Therefore, it should be a concern for the government to introduce and preserve the existing attractions.The DKI Jakarta halal tourism acceleration team, through the Jakarta Muslim-Friendly Tourism Exhibition 2022 program, mentioned that one of the tourist attractions in Jakarta is Kota Tua.Kota Tua has several museums, including the Fatahillah Museum, Arts and Ceramics Museum, Wayang Museum, Bank Mandiri Museum, and Bank Indonesia Museum.These buildings have existed since the days of the Dutch government and were later named historical sites by the local government (Rahmiyatun et al., 2021;Soehardi et al., 2020;Wadjaudje et al., 2018).According to data from the Jakarta Tourism and Creative Office, Kota Tua is already quite crowded, as illustrated by the number of visitors listed in Table 3.
The number of tourists visiting Kota Tua based on the museums and the Kota Tua area has generally increased.Foreign tourists dominate local tourists, and the Kota Tua area is more desirable than the four museums.Most foreign tourists visiting Kota Tua come from China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Furthermore, Kota Tua is being developed into a halal tourist destination in terms of infrastructure, accessibility, and amenities, according to the GMTI indicator.DKI Jakarta is considered ready and qualified.The main market share is local or domestic tourists and foreign visitors from Muslim-populated countries.However, this does not mean non-Muslim tourists are not allowed to come.Apart from being a Muslim destination, Kota Tua has several areas to be combined for non-Muslims.For example, several Muslim-friendly tourist attractions to be developed on the north side are the Fatahillah Museum, Pekojan Village (Kampung Pekojan), Luar Batang, Sunda Kelapa, and surrounding areas.Meanwhile, the open tourist areas, as general or non-Muslim destinations, for instance, are Pecinan, Pecinan Glodok, and the surrounding environments (Lesmana & Hasbiyah, 2019;Marhanah & Wahadi, 2016;Maulida, 2018).The development of halal tourism still faces formidable challenges; one is understanding its relevant concepts, namely, ensuring that Muslim visitors can fulfill their obligations as adherents of the Islamic religion while on vacation.Therefore, halal food, clean water, and places of worship are basic needs that must be made available.Likewise, efforts to attract the world's Muslim tourists do not need to force the distribution of new trademarks to all destinations that have been growing along with local cultural wisdom.According to Kotler and Armstrong (2018), halal tourism has two terminologies or approaches.The first is a general approach, assuming halal tourism means religious tourism.The second is the assumption that halal tourism is the same as general tourism, although it is supposed to prepare extended services for Muslim tourists.It can be natural, cultural, or artificial tourism within the family framework (halal lifestyle).Based on this expanded definition, the government can develop this sector in any region of Indonesia, including areas whose population is not predominantly Muslim, such as Papua and Bali (Dasopang et al., 2022;Gibtiah et al., 2018;Saleh & Anisah, 2018;Sari et al., 2019;Sayekti, 2019).
Visitors certainly have various motives for visiting tourist attractions, such as social, economic, religious, cultural, political, and health.Those reasons arise due to their interests or needs, which are seen as essential elements and a key component of the success of tourist destinations (Pantouw & Pangemanan, 2014).According to Sedarmayanti (2017), tourism comprises interrelated elements: the tourist, destination, travel, tourism industry, and all things associated with going to or while in a tourism area.Previous research discovered that religious beliefs and religiosity could internally influence people in determining whether they belong to a particular religious group or follow special daily life rules, including travel and tourism behavior (Awalia, 2017;Sun et al., 2022).Based on the above background, this study intends to determine the impact of halal awareness, service quality, and promotion on visitor decisions through destination imagery in Kota Tua.

Materials and Methods
The present research design was descriptive quantitative.According to Goodwin and Goodwin (2013), quantitative research focuses on examining or testing the variables strengthened by relevant theories, involves numbers, and conducts data analysis incorporating statistical procedures.The population of this study was visitors who had visited or were in Kota Tua and the samples were subsequently selected with the following criteria: visitors who had visited and were in Kota Tua, were aged 17 to 60 years old, and had visited more than once in the past six months.
Using the above criteria, researchers employed a purposive sampling technique to select the samples.According to Sugiyono (2017), purposive sampling takes data sources with specific considerations due to an unknown or identified population.The sample size was determined by estimating the proportion formula, so 150 samples were chosen.There were three variables in this research: the independent (halal awareness, service quality, and promotion), the dependent (visitor decisions), and the moderator (destination image).Data was collected by distributing questionnaires containing questions, assessments, and statement items using a Likert scale.In addition, to validate the data, researchers conducted a literature study of books and scientific journals.Data processing and analysis were completed by incorporating path analysis in SPSS version 25 software.

Characteristics of Respondents
Researchers distributed research instruments to visitors who had visited and those who were in Kota Tua, Jakarta.The samples were grouped based on gender, occupation, education, income, reasons for visiting, and required costs.This grouping aimed to obtain responses that could represent all respondents.The respondents' characteristics are provided in Table 4 for more details.

Validity and Reliability Test
The data validity test aims to determine the instrument's accuracy.The present study's validity test was performed using Pearson's product-moment correlation.Data was declared valid if it had a more significant correlation value than the total value, or r-score > r-table, with a significance level of <5/0.05.Following are the tests of the validity of each variable.Based on Table 5, all variables had valid question items, as they met the requirements of a significance value <0.05 and an r-score greater than the r-table.Thus, all questions could be used and trusted to collect the necessary data.
Furthermore, a reliability test was carried out to examine the consistency of the measurement results of variables, dealing with the instrument's accuracy or precision level.In this regard, trustworthy or reliable instruments would generate reliable data.A variable with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.60 was declared reliable.The reliability test results for each variable are presented in the following table.Based on Table 6 of the analysis results, each variable's Cronbach's Alpha value was above 0.60.Hence, it could be stated that the questions were reliable, indicating it was feasible to use each item.

Path Analysis
The path analysis in this study incorporated two substructures: first, the impact of halal awareness, service quality, and promotion on destination image, and second, the impact of halal awareness, service quality, and promotion on visitor decisions.The first substructure produced an R squared (R 2 ) of 0.364 or 36.4%,indicating the combined impact of halal awareness, service quality, and promotion on destination image.Meanwhile, the remaining 63.6% was affected by other factors.The second substructure generated an R squared (R 2 ) of 0.548 or 54.8%, suggesting the combined impact of halal awareness, service quality, and promotion on visitor decisions.Meanwhile, the remaining 45.2% was influenced by other factors.Correspondingly, researchers presented a summary of the results for the first and second substructures, as shown in Tables 7 and 8. Based on Table 7 and Table 8, there were two different interpretations of partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing.They were explained as follows.

Partial Hypothesis Testing
The hypothesis of the impact of halal awareness on destination image: The t-table value of halal awareness was >6.693 with a sig value of 0.000 < 0.05; H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted.It indicated a direct and significant impact of halal awareness on destination image.
The hypothesis of the impact of service quality on destination image: The t-table value of service quality was 1.336 < 1.980 with a sig value of 0.184 < 0.05; H0 was accepted and H1 was rejected.It suggested that service quality had no direct and significant impact on destination image.
The hypothesis of the impact of promotion on destination image: The t-table value of promotion was 0.988 < 1.980 with a sig value of 0.325 > 0.05; H0 was accepted and H1 was rejected.It depicted that promotion did not have a direct and significant impact on destination imagery.
The hypothesis of the impact of halal awareness on visitor decisions: The t-table value of halal awareness was 2.918 > 1.980 with a sig value of 0.678 > 0.05; H0 was accepted and H1 was rejected.It revealed no direct and significant impact of halal awareness on visitor decisions.
The hypothesis of the impact of service quality on visitor decisions: The t-table value of service quality was 4.184 > 1.980 with a sig value of 0.000 > 0.05; H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted.It indicated a direct and significant impact of service quality on visitor decisions.
The hypothesis of the impact of promotion on visitor decisions: The t-table value of promotion was 2.118 > 1.980 with a sig value of 0.036 < 0.05; H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted.It suggested a direct and significant impact of promotion on visitor decisions.
The hypothesis of the impact of destination image on visitor decisions: The t-table value of destination image was 6.960 > 1.980 with a sig value of 0.000 < 0.05; H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted.It depicted a direct and significant impact of destination image on visitor decisions.
The hypothesis of the impact of halal awareness on visitor decisions through destination image: The t-table value of the impact of halal awareness on destination image was 6.693 > 1.980 with a sig value of 0.000 < 0.05; H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted.Meanwhile, the t-table value of the impact of halal awareness on visitor decisions was 4.648 > 1.980 with a sig value of 0.000 < 0.05; H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted.Destination imagery revealed halal awareness's indirect and significant impact on visitor decisions.
The hypothesis of the impact of service quality on visitor decisions through destination image: The t-table value of the impact of service quality on destination image was 1.336 < 1.980 with a sig value of 0.184 > 0.05; H0 was accepted and H1 was rejected.Meanwhile, the t-table value of the impact of service quality on visitor decisions was 4.184 > 1.980 with a sig value of 0.000 < 0.05; H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted.It indicated no indirect and significant impact of service quality on visitor decisions through destination imagery.
The hypothesis of the impact of promotion on visitor decisions through destination image: The ttable value of the impact of promotion on destination image was -0.988 < 1.980 with a sig value of 0.325 > 0.05; H0 was accepted and H1 was rejected.Meanwhile, the t-table value of the impact of promotion on visitor decisions was 2.118 > 1.980 with a sig value of 0.036 < 0.05; H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted.It suggested no indirect and insignificant impact of promotion on visitor decisions through destination imagery.

Simultaneous Hypothesis Testing of Subsector I and Subsector II
The hypothesis of the impact of halal awareness, service quality, and promotion on destination imagery: Based on the results of the ANOVA table, the F-value of 27.816 was obtained with a probability (sig) value of 0.000.Because the sig value was < 0.05, H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, indicating a simultaneous and significant impact of halal awareness (X1), service quality (X2) and promotion (X3) on destination imagery (Z).
The hypothesis of the impact of halal awareness, service quality, promotion, and destination imagery on visitor decisions: Concerning the results of the ANOVA table, the F-value of 44.016 was obtained with a probability (sig) value of 0.000.Because the sig value was < 0.05, H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, revealing a simultaneous and significant impact of halal awareness (X1), service quality (X2), promotion (X3) and destination imagery (Z) on visitor decisions (Y).Table 9 shows the effects between several variables tested.Based on the findings, halal awareness directly and significantly impacted destination image.However, many people still do not understand halal tourism.Moreover, many of them did not know that Kota Tua had the potential to be developed as a halal tourist destination.Most people also thought the halal tourism industry was exclusive.It was not intended only for Muslims but also for everyone, regardless of religion, ethnicity, race, and other factors.The present study results were in line with Al Hasan (2017) and Santoso et al. (2020), who revealed that the essence of halal tourism was an extended or maximum service for tourists, which could be leveraged as a business opportunity.The questionnaire results in X1_3 also supported it.In halal awareness, the indicator of the ease of obtaining halal food with the statement "Halal food and beverage in Kota Tua are easy to obtain" was the most approved item by respondents.It showed that many people agreed with the ease of service despite the lack of understanding of the concept of halal tourism.
Furthermore, service quality did not have a direct and significant impact on destination image.It was in contrast to Astini & Sulistiyowati (2015) and Ummasyroh et al. (2017), who found that service quality had a significant impact on visitor satisfaction, with a t-score of 2.80 > 1.96.This finding was consistent with Khan et al. (2013), in which service quality positively correlated with tourist satisfaction.It indicated that visitors needed a good quality of service to be satisfied.Thus, service quality becomes essential for every industry to have.It was supported by the responses in questionnaire X2_5 on the indicator of responsiveness.The statement item "The officers of Kota Tua are responsive to museum visitors' questions" attained the lowest score from respondents, illustrating the lack of response from the tourism attraction's managers to visitors.
Promotion did not have a direct and significant impact on destination image.It aligned with Lidia's (2018) and Cici and Ida's (2017) studies.Based on the analysis results of hypothesis testing at the confidence level α = 5%, it was evident that promotion did not significantly impact tourist visits to Sharia tourist attractions in West Sumatra.It was because the visitors were dominated by locals who came as their residence was close to the tourism object, coupled with less optimal promotion.In the present research, the t-table value of promotion was -0.988 < 1.980 with a sig value of 0.325 > 0.05, indicating no direct and significant impact of promotion on destination imagery.In addition, on the indicator of accuracy or suitability in questionnaire X3_5, the statement "Promotions given are following what tourists need" obtained the lowest score from respondents.It suggested that visitors did not receive promotions that suited their needs.
Halal awareness had a direct and significant impact on visitor decisions.In this study, the t-table value of halal awareness was -0.417 < 1.980 with a sig value of 0.678 > 0.05, indicating the absence of a direct and significant impact of halal awareness on visitor decisions.According to Simanjuntak et al. (2020) and Adhi et al. (2016), decision-making can be considered an activity of consumers to choose a product or service in a purchase (Kotler & Armstrong, 2012).Before traveling, a visitor initially goes through a mental process to decide when to travel, for how long, where to go, by what means, and so on.This process is crucial for tourism development regarding factors influencing the decision to visit a destination.It was confirmed by the indicator of knowledge about halal tourism objects on questionnaire X1_1.The statement "I chose to visit Kota Tua because it has the potential to become a halal tourist destination" received the least approval from respondents.It showed that many people still did not understand the concept of halal tourism.
Based on the research results, service quality directly and significantly impacted visitor decisions.It was in line with Irda et al. (2019) (Malikhah, 2019).Likewise, the t-table value of service quality was 4.184 > 1.980 with a sig value of 0.000 < 0.05.It revealed a direct and significant impact of service quality on visitor decisions.The tangible indicator on questionnaire X2_1 corroborated this.The statement "Availability of trash cans" became the most approved item by respondents, implying that visitors could enjoy a variety of attributes, including physical amenities, equipment, means of communication, and other supporting facilities.However, this point was influenced by the visitors' awareness of throwing garbage in its place, considering that some people still litter despite many trash cans provided at tourist sites.Hence, the cleanliness of tourist sites also significantly affects the destination image.
The findings showed that promotion directly and significantly impacted visitor decisions.It was proven by the t-table value of promotion of 2.118 > 1.980 with a sig value of 0.036 > 0.05, which indicates a direct and significant impact of promotion on visitor decisions.It was also supported by the indicator of promotion frequency on questionnaire X3_1.The statement item "Visitors are aware of the promotion of Kota Tua from the relatives, social media, or printed media" was approved by many respondents.It depicted that most visitors enjoyed and received promotions matching what they wanted.In addition, destination imagery directly and significantly impacted visitor decisions.Following Iskandar and Samosir (2021) and Nuha and Farida (2020), a good destination image would affect visitors' decision-making, influencing their desires.It was confirmed by the questionnaire results, in which the statement "Buildings in Kota Tua have historical value" was approved by most respondents, suggesting that the destination image was essential in affecting a person's intention to visit a tourist site.
Halal awareness indirectly and significantly impacted visitor decisions through destination image.The path analysis results showed that the visitor decision variable was indirectly affected by halal awareness (X1) through the destination image (Z).In addition, the indicator of tourist attraction in the research questionnaire was dominated by the statement that the displayed cultural arts performances did not conflict with the criteria of halal tourism so that all visitors could enjoy them.Afterward, service quality had a direct and significant impact on visitor decisions through destination imagery, considering that path analysis results found that the variable of visitor decisions was directly affected by service quality through destination imagery.Additionally, it was corroborated with the reliability indicator on a questionnaire item related to service quality regarding the availability of car parks, in which most visitors stated that they could use the provided parking spaces in the tourist sites.
Finally, the promotion directly and significantly impacted visitor decisions through destination imagery.The path analysis results indicated that promotion through destination imagery directly affected the variable of visitor decisions.It was also consistent with the indicator of promotion quality in the research questionnaire, in which many visitors agreed that tourism promotion by Kota Tua was good so that they could travel according to the provided promotions.

Conclusion
Based on the data analysis results and discussion, researchers concluded that: 1) by path analysis, halal awareness did not have a direct and significant impact on visitor decisions; 2) service quality had a direct and significant impact on visitor decisions; 3) promotion had a direct and significant impact on visitor decisions; 4) by path analysis, halal awareness did not have a direct and significant impact on visitor decisions, service quality had a direct and significant impact on visitor decisions and promotion had a direct and significant impact on visitor decisions; and 5) by path analysis, halal awareness had an indirect and significant impact on visitor decisions through destination imagery, service quality had a direct and insignificant impact on visitor decisions through the destination image and promotion had a direct and insignificant impact on visitor decisions through destination image.
The present research was expected to provide input for visitors to better understand the factors that could trigger their decisions regarding halal tourism visits.One of those factors was halal awareness, which was influenced by several determinants on whether Kota Tua could be developed into a halal tourist destination, considering the supporting facilities at tourist sites, the availability of halal food and beverages to be enjoyed by visitors, and worship facilities that were easy to find.According to the institution's perspective, Kota Tua would continue to prepare halal facilities to attract Muslim travelers to DKI Jakarta.In addition, it has become a movement in Kota Tua to provide halal facilities so tourists from any area can spend their money there.Because of infrastructure, accessibility, and amenity, Kota Tua was considered ready and qualified for the development of halal tourism.Nonetheless, the availability of halal products still needed to be optimized.
This study only focused on the impact of halal awareness, service quality, and promotion on visitor decisions through destination imagery.It led to the other factors that were likely to have a significant impact that had not been disclosed.Therefore, the researchers suggest further research to discuss other possible uninvestigated factors, such as adding criteria for respondents who, for example, must be Muslims and further investigation incorporating institutional or management aspects of Kota Tua through Focus Group Discussions with relevant tourism offices.

Table 1 .
GIE Indicator Score Breakdown for Top 5 Ranking Countries in 2023 World Halal Tourism Award for the past few years.It was given to Sembalun Valley (Lembah Sembalun), East Lombok, and West Nusa Tenggara as the world's best halal honeymoon destination.In addition, Padang City received the title of the world's best halal destination, and Aceh Province was named the world's best halal cultural destination

Table 2 .
IMTI 2023 Rankings by Province in Indonesia

Table 3 .
Tourist Visits to Kota Tua in 2022

Table 7 .
Summary of Results Sub-Sector I