PERINATOLOGIYA AND PEDIATRIYA.2019.1(77):58-62; doi 10.15574/PP.2019.77.58

Haiduchik H. A.
SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named of academician O.M. Lukyanova NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv

Purpose — to study the range of sensitization of infants with gastrointestinal food allergy and comorbid allergic diseases.

Patients and methods. The definition of sensitization spectrum in 146 infants with gastrointestinal food allergy was detected by detecting allergen-specific IgEs to food, household, pollen, fungal allergens using the ImmunoCAP method, and performing skin tests with food and non-infectious allergens.

Results. Determination of specific IgE antibodies in serum of children with gastrointestinal food allergy revealed sensitization to BKM (72.6%), wheat (44.5%), egg protein (30.8%) in soybeans (3.4%), household dust mites (7.5%) and animal epidermis (cat duster — 6.8%, dog — 6.2%). According to the results of skin piercing tests, birch pollen sensitization was most common in 12 (38.7%), household dust mites (22.6%) and Alternaria fungus (22.6%), indicating the progression of the atopic march. Pollen sensitization was also found in 12.9% of polynesis, ambrosia (12.9%), timophytes (19.3%), fungus Cladosporium (6.4%) and epidermis of animals (cat — 16.1%, dogs — 12.9%). Increased levels of total IgE and eosinophilic cationic protein in blood serum of patients examined were noted. High frequency of comorbid allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis (72.6%), allergic rhinitis (6.8%), and bronchial asthma (5.5%) in children with gastrointestinal food allergy have been detected.

Conclusions. In young children with gastrointestinal food allergy, polyvalent sensitization and high incidence of comorbid allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma) have been detected, indicating the presence of IgE-mediated mechanisms of development and progression of the atopic march in early childhood. Among food allergens, sensitization of cow's milk (72.6%), wheat (44.5%) and egg whites (30.8%) of children was most commonly detected in children, and sensitization to domestic, pollen and fungal allergens was detected in the examined children requires molecular (component) allergy diagnosis to determine the prospects for the appointment of allergen-specific immunotherapy.

Key words: sensitization; children of early age; gastrointestinal food allergy; IgE-mediated reactions; atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma.

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Article received: Oct 07, 2018. Accepted for publication: Jan 24, 2019.