Abstract
Due to the growing popularity of wearable electronics, flexible memory devices are in great demand. The manufacturing method, materials synthesis, and device structure are key obstacles realize the deployable flexible memory devices. Herein, a single-step process of new and highly conductive porous laser-induced graphene (LIG) has been examined which offers higher electrical conductivity, porous structure and flexibility. Also, surface morphology, crystallinity, functional groups in LIG, and oxygen vacancies in MnO2 nanoparticles have been comprehensively studied for memristor. The, Ion/Ioff ratio of LIG and LIG/MnO2 was 9.15 and 6.8, respectively. The drop casting of MnO2 nanoparticles on LIG increases conductivity with oxygen vacancies, improving memristor behaviour of limited Ion/Ioff ratio. The LIG fluid-based memristor with MnO2 as a metal liquid has outstanding resistance switching capabilities. Moreover, the LIG has showed remarkable performance both substrate and active material for memristor in flexible, wearable, and fluid-based electronics applications.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
H.E. Lee, J.H. Park, T.J. Kim, D. Im, J.H. Shin, D.H. Kim, B. Mohammad, I.S. Kang, K.J. Lee, Novel electronics for flexible and neuromorphic computing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1–18 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201801690
M.A. Zidan, J.P. Strachan, W.D. Lu, The future of electronics based on memristive systems. Nat. Electron. 1, 22–29 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-017-0006-8
Z. Zhou, F. Yang, S. Wang, L. Wang, X. Wang, C. Wang, Y. Xie, Q. Liu, Topical review emerging of two-dimensional materials in novel memristor. 17 (2022)
T.Y. Wang, J.L. Meng, M.Y. Rao, Z.Y. He, L. Chen, H. Zhu, Q.Q. Sun, S.J. Ding, W.Z. Bao, P. Zhou, D.W. Zhang, Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible Memristor Networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano Lett. 20, 4111–4120 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05271
X. Yan, Z. Zhou, J. Zhao, Q. Liu, H. Wang, G. Yuan, J. Chen, Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Res. 11, 1183–1192 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1781-2
G.A. Illarionov, S.M. Morozova, V.V. Chrishtop, M.A. Einarsrud, M.I. Morozov, Memristive TiO2: synthesis, technologies, and applications. Front. Chem. (2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00724
L. He, K. Wen, Z. Zhang, L. Ye, W. Lv, J. Fei, S. Zhang, W. He, Advanced materials for flexible electrochemical energy storage devices. J. Mater. Res. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.232
L. Chua, Resistance switching memories are memristors. Appl. Phys. A 102, 765–783 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-011-6264-9
L.O. Chua, How we predicted the memristor. Nat. Electron. 1, 322 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-018-0074-4
D.B. Strukov, G.S. Snider, D.R. Stewart, R.S. Williams, The missing memristor found. Nature 453, 80–83 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06932
O. Krestinskaya, A. Irmanova, A.P. James, Memristors : Properties, Models , Materials 13–40.
K. Ueda, H. Itou, H. Asano, Photomemristors using carbon nanowall/diamond heterojunctions. J. Mater. Res. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.498
Q. Zhao, Z. Xie, Y.P. Peng, K. Wang, H. Wang, X. Li, H. Wang, J. Chen, H. Zhang, X. Yan, Current status and prospects of memristors based on novel 2D materials. Mater. Horizons. 7, 1495–1518 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9mh02033k
K. Chen, Y. Yin, C. Song, Z. Liu, X. Wang, Y. Wu, J. Zhang, J. Zhao, M. Tang, J. Liu, Two-dimensional triphenylamine-based polymers for ultrastable volatile memory with ultrahigh on/off ratio. Polymer 230, 124076 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124076
O.M.J. Van’t Erve, A.T. Hanbicki, A.L. Friedman, K.M. McCreary, E. Cobas, C.H. Li, J.T. Robinson, B.T. Jonker, Graphene and monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides: properties and devices. J. Mater. Res. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2015.397
S. Fatima, X. Bin, M.A. Mohammad, D. Akinwande, S. Rizwan, Graphene and MXene based free-standing carbon memristors for flexible 2D memory applications. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2100549, 11–13 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202100549
P.P. Brisebois, M. Siaj, Harvesting graphene oxide-years, 1859 to 2019: a review of its structure, synthesis, properties and exfoliation. J. Mater. Chem. C. 8(2020), 1517–1547 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc03251g
R.K. Singh, R. Kumar, D.P. Singh, Graphene oxide: strategies for synthesis, reduction and frontier applications. RSC Adv. 6, 64993–65011 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra07626b
H.Y. Jeong, J.Y. Kim, J.W. Kim, J.O. Hwang, J.E. Kim, J.Y. Lee, T.H. Yoon, B.J. Cho, S.O. Kim, R.S. Ruoff, S.Y. Choi, Graphene oxide thin films for flexible nonvolatile memory applications. Nano Lett. 10, 4381–4386 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl101902k
C. Wan, Y. Jiao, J. Li, Flexible, highly conductive, and free-standing reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole/cellulose hybrid papers for supercapacitor electrodes. J. Mater. Chem. A 5, 3819–3831 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta04844g
X. Huang, L. Liu, S. Zhou, J. Zhao, Physical properties and device applications of graphene oxide, ArXiv. 15 (2019)
V. Chabot, D. Higgins, A. Yu, X. Xiao, Z. Chen, J. Zhang, A review of graphene and graphene oxide sponge: material synthesis and applications to energy and the environment. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 1564–1596 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee43385d
R. Ye, D.K. James, J.M. Tour, Laser-induced graphene. Acc. Chem. Res. 51, 1609–1620 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00084
M.G. Stanford, C. Zhang, J.D. Fowlkes, A. Ho, I.N. Ivanov, P.D. Rack, J.M. Tour, beyond the Visible Limit (2020), pp. 10–15
L. Huang, J. Su, Y. Song, R. Ye, Laser-induced graphene: en route to smart sensing. Nano-Micro Lett. 12, 1–17 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00496-0
R. Ye, D.K. James, J.M. Tour, Laser-induced graphene: from discovery to translation. Adv. Mater. 31, 1–15 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803621
D.X. Luong, K. Yang, J. Yoon, S.P. Singh, T. Wang, C.J. Arnusch, J.M. Tour, Laser-induced graphene composites as multifunctional surfaces. ACS Nano (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b09626
F. Mahmood, F. Mahmood, H. Zhang, J. Lin, C. Wan, Laser-induced graphene derived from Kraft lignin for flexible supercapacitors. ACS Omega 5, 14611–14618 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c01293
F. Wang, K. Wang, B. Zheng, X. Dong, X. Mei, J. Lv, W. Duan, W. Wang, Laser-induced graphene: preparation, functionalization and applications. Mater. Technol. 33, 340–356 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/10667857.2018.1447265
F.J. Romero, A. Toral-Lopez, A. Ohata, D.P. Morales, F.G. Ruiz, A. Godoy, N. Rodriguez, Laser-fabricated reduced graphene oxide memristors. Nanomaterials 9, 1–13 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9060897
H. Tian, H.Y. Chen, T.L. Ren, C. Li, Q.T. Xue, M.A. Mohammad, C. Wu, Y. Yang, H.S.P. Wong, Cost-effective, transfer-free, flexible resistive random access memory using laser-scribed reduced graphene oxide patterning technology. Nano Lett. 14, 3214–3219 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl5005916
A. Kothuru, C.H. Rao, S.B. Puneeth, M. Salve, K. Amreen, S. Goel, Laser-Induced Flexible Electronics (LIFE) for sensing applications. IEEE Sens. J. 20, 7392–7399 (2020)
P. Sudesh, N. Kumar, S. Das, C. Bernhard, G.D. Varma, Effect of graphene oxide doping on superconducting properties of bulk MgB2. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 26, S001–S005 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/26/9/095008
V. Ţucureanu, A. Matei, A.M. Avram, FTIR spectroscopy for carbon family study. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 46, 502–520 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2016.1157013
V.H. Pham, T.V. Cuong, S.H. Hur, E. Oh, E.J. Kim, E.W. Shin, J.S. Chung, Chemical functionalization of graphene sheets by solvothermal reduction of a graphene oxide suspension in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 3371–3377 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm02790a
X. Bai, X. Tong, Y. Gao, W. Zhu, C. Fu, J. Ma, T. Tan, C. Wang, Y. Luo, H. Sun, Hierarchical multidimensional MnO2 via hydrothermal synthesis for high performance supercapacitors. Electrochim. Acta. 281, 525–533 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.003
A.M. Toufiq, F. Wang, Q.U.A. Javed, Q. Li, Y. Li, Hydrothermal synthesis of MnO2 nanowires: structural characterizations, optical and magnetic properties. Appl. Phys. A 116, 1127–1132 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-8195-0
F.J. Romero, A. Toral, A. Medina-Rull, C.L. Moraila-Martinez, D.P. Morales, A. Ohata, A. Godoy, F.G. Ruiz, N. Rodriguez, Resistive switching in graphene oxide. Front. Mater. 7, 1–5 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00017
N. Rodriguez, D. Maldonado, F.J. Romero, F.J. Alonso, A.M. Aguilera, A time series and quantum point contact. Materials 12(22), 3734 (2019)
P. Rewatkar, P.K. Enaganti, M. Rishi, S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Goel, Single-step inkjet-printed paper-origami arrayed air-breathing microfluidic microbial fuel cell and its validation. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.102
C.L. He, F. Zhuge, X.F. Zhou, M. Li, G.C. Zhou, Y.W. Liu, J.Z. Wang, B. Chen, W.J. Su, Z.P. Liu, Y.H. Wu, P. Cui, R.W. Li, Nonvolatile resistive switching in graphene oxide thin films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232101 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3271177
G. Khurana, P. Misra, R.S. Katiyar, Forming free resistive switching in graphene oxide thin film for thermally stable nonvolatile memory applications. J. Appl. Phys. 114, 124508 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4823734
E. Zhao, S. Liu, X. Liu, C. Wang, G. Liu, C. Xing, Flexible resistive switching memory devices based on graphene oxide polymer nanocomposite. NANO 15, 1005–1007 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793292020501118
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All the authors have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Enaganti, P.K., Kothuru, A. & Goel, S. Laser-induced graphene-based miniaturized, flexible, non-volatile resistive switching memory devices. Journal of Materials Research 37, 3976–3987 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-022-00590-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-022-00590-6