Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Grooves in scratch testing

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For a number of polymers with a variety of chemical structures and different properties, we have performed scratch-resistance tests and investigated the profiles of the grooves formed using a profilometer. Three main kinds of material response are seen: plowing; cutting; and densification. The cross-sectional areas of the grooves include the groove and side top-ridge areas. The latter are smaller than the former, an indication of densification at the bottom and the sides of the groove; the effect can be connected to molecular dynamics simulations of scratch testing. The sum of the groove and top-ridge areas is the highest for Teflon, thus providing another measure of its poor scratch resistance. The Vickers hardness of the polymers was also determined. An approximate relationship exists between the hardness and the groove area. An unequivocal relationship between the hardness and the total cross-sectional area of the material displaced by the indenter is found. The resulting curve can be represented by an exponential decay function.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

FIG. 1
FIG. 2
FIG. 3
FIG. 4
TABLE I.
FIG. 5
FIG. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E. Rabinowicz Friction and Wear of Materials 2 ed. Wiley New York 1995

    Google Scholar 

  2. M.D. Bermúdez, W. Brostow, F.J. Carrión-Vilches, J.J. Cervantes D. Pietkiewicz: Friction and multiple scratch behavior of polymer + monomer liquid crystal systems. Polymer 46, 347 2005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. B. Bhushan: Introduction to Tribology Wiley New York 2002 Chap. 7

    Google Scholar 

  4. N.K. Myshkin, M.I. Petrokovets A.V. Kovalev: Tribology of polymers: Adhesion, friction, wear, and mass-transfer. Tribol. Int. 38, 910 2005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. W. Brostow, J-L. Deborde, M. Jaklewicz P. Olszynski: Tribology with emphasis on polymers: Friction, scratch resistance and wear. J. Mater. Ed. 25, 119 2003

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. W. Brostow, M. Keselman, I. Mironi-Harpaz, M. Narkis R. Peirce: Effects of carbon black on tribology of blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) with irradiated and non-irradiated ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene. Polymer 46, 5058 2005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. B.J. Briscoe, E. Pelillo, S.K. Sinha P.D. Evans: Scratching maps for polymers. Wear 200, 137 1996

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Maeda, A. Bismarck B.J. Briscoe: Mechanisms of scratching frictions and damage maps for rubber compounds. Wear 259, 651 2005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. W. Brostow, B. Bujard, P.E. Cassidy, H.E. Hagg P. Montemartini: Effects of fluoropolymer addition to an epoxy on scratch depth and recovery. Mater. Res. Innovat. 6, 7 2002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. A. de la Isla, W. Brostow, B. Bujard, M. Estevez, J.R. Rodriguez, S. Vargas V.M. Castano: Nanohybrid scratch resistant coatings for teeth and bone viscoelasticity manifested in tribology. Mater. Res. Innovat. 7, 110 2003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. W. Brostow, G. Darmarla, J. Howe D. Pietkiewicz Determination of wear of surfaces by scratch testing. e-Polymers 025, 200

  12. W. Brostow M. Jaklewicz: Friction and scratch resistance of polymer liquid crystals: Effects of magnetic field orientation. J. Mater. Res. 19, 1038 2004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M.D. Bermúdez, W. Brostow, F.J. Carrion-Vilches, J.J. Cervantes D. Pietkiewicz: Wear of thermoplastics determined by multiple scratching. e-Polymers, 001 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  14. M.D. Bermúdez, W. Brostow, F.J. Carrion-Vilches, J.J. Cervantes, G. Damarla J.M. Perez: Scratch velocity and wear resistance. e-Polymers, 003 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  15. W. Brostow, J.A. Hinze R. Simoes: Tribological behavior of polymers simulated by molecular dynamics. J. Mater. Res. 19, 851 2004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. W. Brostow, H.E. Hagg Lobland M. Narkis: Sliding wear, viscoelasticity, and brittleness of polymers. J. Mater. Res. 21, 2422 2006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Yoshida, J.C. Sangleboef T. Rouxel: Quantitative evaluation of indentation-induced densification in glass. J. Mater. Res. 20, 3404 2005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. B. Bhushan, R.E. Davis H.R. Kolar: Metallurgical re-examination of wear modes: II. Adhesive and abrasive. Thin Solid Films 123, 113 1985

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. W. Brostow R. Simoes: Tribological and mechanical behavior of polymers simulated by molecular dynamics. J. Mater. Ed. 27, 19 2005

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Partial financial support has been provided by the Robert A. Welch Foundation, Houston, TX, (Grant No. B-1203) and also by a Royal Thai Fellowship, Bangkok (to W. Chonkaew). The constructive comments of a referee are appreciated.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Advanced Polymers & Optimized Materials (LAPOM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, 76203-5310, USA

    Witold Brostow & Wunpen Chonkaew

  2. Department of Sciences, Holon Institute of Technology, 58102, Holon, Israel

    Lev Rapoport, Yakov Soifer, Armen Verdyan & Yakov Soifer

  3. Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Yakov Soifer

Authors
  1. Witold Brostow
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wunpen Chonkaew
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lev Rapoport
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yakov Soifer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Armen Verdyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yakov Soifer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Witold Brostow.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brostow, W., Chonkaew, W., Rapoport, L. et al. Grooves in scratch testing. Journal of Materials Research 22, 2483–2487 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0307

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0307

Search

Navigation