Abstract
Partial and integral enthalpies of mixing of liquid Ag–Ni and Ag–Ni–Sn alloys were determined at different temperatures, i.e., at 1500 °C for binary Ag–Ni alloys and at 1000, 1220, and 1400 °C for ternary Ag–Ni–Sn alloys. Two different Calvet-type micro-calorimeters were used for the measurements employing drop calorimetry techniques. The binary data were evaluated by means of a standard Redlich–Kister polynomial fit whereas ternary data were fitted on the basis of an extended Redlich–Kister–Muggianu model for substitutional solutions. No significant temperature dependence could be detected for the ternary enthalpies of mixing. From the experimental ternary data, it was possible to deduce the liquidus isotherm at 1000 °C as well as the extension of the liquid miscibility gap at 1220 and 1400 °C.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E.P. Wood, K.L. Nimmo: In search of new lead-free electronic solders. J. Electron. Mater. 23, 709 (1994).
H.F. Hsu, S.W. Chen: Phase equilibria of the Sn–Ag–Ni ternary system and interfacial reactions at the Sn–Ag/Ni joints. Acta Mater. 52, 2541 (2003).
H. Flandorfer, F. Gehringer, E. Hayer: Individual solutions for control and data acquisition with the PC. Thermochim. Acta 382, 77 (2002).
A.T. Dinsdale: SGTE Data for pure elements. CALPHAD 15, 317 (1991).
C. Luef, H. Flandorfer, H. Ipser: Lead-free solder materials: Experimental enthalpies of mixing in Ag–Cu–Sn and Cu–Ni–Sn ternary systems. Z. Metallkd. 95(3), 155 (2004).
T.B. Massalski, J.L. Murray, L.H. Bennet, H. Baker: Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams 2nd ed. (ASM, Materials Park, OH, 1990).
A. Zemonava, J. Vrestal, and A. Kroupa (unpublished).
C. Colinet, A. Pasturel: Theoretical calculation of the Cu–Ni, Ag–Ni and Au–Ni miscibility gaps. Z. Metallkd. 89, 863 (1998).
C. Schmetterer, H. Flandorfer, and H. Ipser (unpublished).
S.W. Chen, H.F. Hsu, C.W. Lin: Liquidus projection of the ternary Ag–Sn–Ni system. J. Mater. Res. 19, 2662 (2004).
I. Ansara, N. DupinCost 507 thermo chemical database for light metal alloys (European Commission DG X11, Luxembourg, 1998), pp. 1–11.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saeed, U., Flandorfer, H. & Ipser, H. Lead-free solders: Enthalpies of mixing of liquid alloys in the Ag–Ni and Ag–Ni–Sn systems. Journal of Materials Research 21, 1294–1304 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0157
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0157