Description of the female of Lyssomanes miniaceus , with a new distribution record for L . belgranoi ( Araneae : Salticidae )

Numerous new spider species are waiting to be described, and in many cases knowledge is incomplete because species are known from a single sex. In this contribution the female of the jumping spider Lyssomanes miniaceus is described and its morphology is illustrated. Females are distinguished by having spherical, slightly oval spermathecae, the copulatory openings towards the back, and sparse white hairs ventrally on femora I and II; the last character could be a unique trait shared by both sexes. Additionally, a new southernmost record plus new illustration of the little-known species L. belgranoi are given.


INTRODUCTION
In Prószyński's Global Species Database of Salticidae (Prószyński c2016), accepted species status means that both sexes have been adequately described and illustrated, while incomplete is due to the description and illustration of only one sex.Salticids constitute the largest family of spiders (WSC c2016), and one apparent problem is that this diversity may be somewhat inflated due to lack of matching of single sex known species (Edwards 2014).However, this argument ignores large amounts of new species, many with both sexes available, waiting to be described.
The latest larger paper on the genus Lyssomanes, describing several new species of Central and South America (Logunov 2014), has achieved an adequate framework for subsequent alpha taxonomic works, and allows to complete the knowledge about such incomplete species status sensu Prószyński (c2016).Thus, in this paper the female of L. miniaceus is described and its somatic and genital morphology is illustrated, additionally a new southernmost record plus new illustration of the rare species L. belgranoi are given.Description formats and morphological terms follow Rubio et al. (2015) and Zhang and Maddison (2015).Female genitalia were dissected as in Levi (1965), examined after digestion in hot ~15% KOH solution (Ramírez 2014) and clarified in clove oil to study the internal structures.Temporary preparations were examined and photographed using a Leica DM500 compound microscope and a Leica M60 stereomicroscope.Drawings of male palp in Figure 1 were modified following original sources (Logunov 2014), plus examining specimens under the stereomicroscope in the case of L. belgranoi following Galiano (1984).Photographs in nature were taken with a Nikon D80 digital camera using a Micro-Nikkor 85 mm lens.All measurements were made with an ocular micrometer in millimeters, and were obtained as in Galiano (1963).Abbreviations used in the text and figures are: ALE-anterior lateral eye; AME-anterior median eye; CDcopulatory duct; CO-copulatory opening; E-embolus; FD-fertilization duct; MAmedian apophysis; MAp-retrolateral projection on MA; PLE-posterior lateral eye; PME-posterior median eye; PTpromarginal teeth; RT-retromarginal teeth; S-spermatheca.Description.Male (Lectotype, MNHN) is well illustrated and described in previous contributions: see Galiano (1962: 68, plate V, figs 6-9) and illustration in Logunov (2014, figs 15-17).Left palp and habitus as in Figures 1 and 3e, f respectively.
Sexual dimorphism.Male and female differ slightly in their size and somatic morphology, females are slightly larger than males, mainly due to their larger abdomen (Fig. 3e-h).Some males are more pigmented than females, e.g.brown spot on thoracic region and red coloration on femur, patella and tibia of legs I and II.Regarding setae, two characteristics are markedly different: males have black thick setae covering all legs, and a dense patch of white hairs ventrally on femora I and II (Fig. 3f).Females have such white hairs, but less dense.
Comments.The presence of white hairs throughout the ventral area of femora I and II could be an intersexual shared autapomorphy (see Edwards 2014), it is supported by geographic and phenological evidence.
Natural history.In the Urugua-í Wildlife Reserve, specimens were collected using Garden-Vacuum on foliage of rainforest vegetation, where they share the habitat with other species of Lyssomanes (L.leucomelas Mello-Leitão, 1917, L. nigrofimbriatus Mello-Leitão, 1941 andL. pauper).This area corresponds to subtropical rainforests in the Upper Parana Atlantic Forest Ecoregion (Olson et al. 2001).This species is found between 4-993 masl.