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№ 2020/3
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
The impact of e-commerce on the evolution of organizational forms of international economic activity
| Ekon. teor. 2020; 3:83-106 | https://doi.org/10.15407/etet2020.03.083 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The article analyses the main directions of the impact of spreading e-commerce on the change in the organizational modes of international economic activity. The author identifies six major areas for such changes, which include: the formation of global and regional trading platforms as major trade intermediaries; formation of networks of constant direct contacts of suppliers and consumers; deployment and changes in the format of global or regional value chains; significant enhancement of the role of international logistics systems; modifying the economy of scale as a factor of economic efficiency; growing substitution of trade in goods for trade in services.
The study proves that this impact is controversial and asymmetrical, and is asso-ciated with both the emergence of new commercial opportunities and obstacles in the form of new forms of "electronic" protectionism, as well as new risks and threats. It creates the possibility of forming different technological paradigms with-in the world economy, causing a long-term coexistence of the newest network forms of interaction with traditional market structures.
Keywords:e-commerce, digital commerce, organizational forms of international economic activity, trading platforms and networks, asymmetries, contradictions and risks in the global economy.
JEL: F10, М20, О33
| Article in Russian (pp. 83 - 106) | Download | Downloads :119 |
| Article in Ukrainian (pp. 83 - 106) | Download | Downloads :175 |
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2. Keen, A. (2016). Nothing personal. How social networks, search engines and special services use our personal data. Moscow: Alpina Publisher [in Russian]. Original edition: Keen, A. (2015). The Internet is Not the Answer. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
3. Lyashenko, V. I., Vyshnevskyy, O. S. (2018). The Digital Transformation of Ukrainian Economy as an Opportunity of Breakthrough Development. Kyiv: Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine [in Ukrainian].
4. Malovychko, S. V. (2015). E-commerce: Theoretical Basis, Management Instruments and Development Strategies. Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhaili Tugan Baranovsky. Kryvyi Rih: Chernyavsky D.O. Publ [in Ukrainian].
5. Pleskach, V. L., Zatonatska T. H. (2007). E-commerce: a Textbook. Kyiv: Znannya [in Ukrainian].
6. Shvydenko, M.Z., Kasatkina, O.M., Shvydenko, O.M. (2018). E-commerce: a Textbook. National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Information Systems Department. Kyiv: Komprint [in Ukrainian].
7. Brynjolfsson, E., Mcafee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age. New York and London: W.W. Norton & Co. Retrieved from edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/622156/mod_resource/content/1/Erik-Brynjolfsson-Andrew-McAfee-Jeff-Cummings-The-Second-Machine-Age.pdf
8. Capital.ua (2017). The economy of Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp: only billionaires win. Retrieved from www.capital.ua/ru/publication/90129-ekonomika-facebook-instagram-whatsapp-vyigryvayut-tolko-milliardery
9. Ciuriak, D. and Ptashkina, M. (2018). The Digital Transformation and the Transformation of International Trade. Washington, D.C. and Geneva: Inter-Development American Development Bank (IDB) and International Centre for Trade and Sustainable (ICTSD).
10. De Backer, K. and Flaig, D. (2017). The future of global value chains. Business as usual or "a new normal"? Science, Technology and Industry Working Paper, 41. Paris: OECD. Retrieved from www.iberglobal.com/files/2017-2/GVCs-_future_OCDE.pdf
11. DHL (2016, November). 3D Printing and the Future of Supply Chains: A DHL perspective on the state of 3D printing and implications for logistics. Retrieved from www.dhl.com/content/dam/downloads/g0/about_us/logistics_insights/dhl_trendreport_3dprinting.pdf
12. Elms, D. K. and Low, P. (eds.) (2013). Global Value Chains in a Changing World. Geneva: World Trade Organization (WTO). doi.org/10.30875/0b68ab34-en
13. ECIPE (2017). Digital Trade Restrictiveness Index. Brussels: ECIPE. Retrieved from ecipe.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/DTRI_FINAL.pdf
14. European Commission (2017). Europe's Digital Progress Report 2017. Brussels: European Commission.
15. European Commission (2018). International Digital Economy and Society Index 2018. Smart 2017/0052, DOI: 10.2759/745483. Retrieved from ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/international-digital-economy-and-society-index-2018
16. European Commission (2019). Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2019. Retrieved from ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/digital-economy-and-society-index-desi-2019
17. Ferencz, J. (2019). The OECD Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index, OECD Trade Policy Papers, 221. OECD Publishing, Paris. doi.org/10.1787/16ed2d78-en
18. G20 Germany (2017, 6-7 June). G20 Digital Economy Ministerial Conference, Düsseldorf. G20 Digital Economy Ministerial Declaration "Shaping Digitalisation for an Interconnected World", with annexes including a Roadmap for Digitalisation: Policies for a Digital Future and G20 Priorities on Digital Trade. Retrieved from unctad.org/meetings/en/Contribution/dtl_eWeek2017c02-G20_en.pdf
19. G20 Argentina (2018). G20 Leaders' declaration "Building consensus for fair and sustainable development". Retrieved from g20.argentina.gob.ar/sites/default/files/buenos_aires_g20_leaders_declaration.pdf
20. G20 Japan (2019a). G20 Osaka Leader's declaration. Retrieved from g20.org/en/documents/final_g20_osaka_leaders_declaration.html
21. G20 Japan (2019b, June 8-9). G20 Ministerial Statement on Trade and Digital Economy. Retrieved from g20.org/pdf/documents/en/Ministerial_Statement_on_Trade_and_Digital_Economy.pdf
22. Goldfarb, A. and Trefler, D. (2018). AI and international trade. Working Paper, 24254, Cambridge (MA): National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved from www.nber.org/papers/w24254.pdf; doi.org/10.3386/w24254
23. Haucap, J. and Heimeshoff, U. (2014). Google, Facebook, Amazon, eBay: Is the Internet driving competition or market monopolization? International Economics and Economic Policy, 11(1-2), 49-61. doi.org/10.1007/s10368-013-0247-6
24. ING (2017). 3D printing: a threat to global trade, Amsterdam: ING. Retrieved from www.ingwb.com/media/2088633/3d-printing-report-031017.pdf
25. ITC (2017). New Pathways to E-commerce: A Global MSME Competitiveness Survey, Geneva: ITC.
26. Moradlou, H., Sawhney, R., Backhouse, C. J. and Mountney, S. (2017, July). Investigation on Additive Manufacturing as an enabler for reshoring manufacturing activities. Conference Paper. Retrieved from www.researchgate.net/publication/316668476_Investigation_on_Additive_Manufacturing_as_an_enabler_for_reshoring_manufacturing_activities
27. OECD (2017, 12 January). Key Issues for Digital Transformation in the G20: Report prepared for a joint G20 German Presidency / OECD conference in Berlin. Paris: OECD.
28. OECD/WTO (2017). Aid for Trade at a Glance 2017: Promoting Trade, Inclusiveness and Connectivity for Sustainable Development, Geneva and Paris: OECD and WTO.
29. OECD (2019, January). OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index - Trends up to 2019. Retrieved from issuu.com/oecd.publishing/docs/stri-policy-trends-2019-web
30. PricewaterhouseCoopers (2014). 3D Printing and the New Shape of Industrial Manufacturing. Berlin: PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Retrieved from www.themanufacturinginstitute.org/~/media/2D80B8EDCCB648BCB4B53BBAB26BED4B/3D_Printing.pdf
31. UNCTAD (2017a). Information Economy Report 2017: Digitalization, Trade and Development. New York and Geneva: United Nations. Retrieved from unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ier2017_en.pdf
32. UNCTAD (2017b). Maximizing the development gains from e-commerce and the digital economy. Geneva. Retrieved from unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/tdb_ede1d2_en.pdf
33. USITC (2017, August). Global Digital Trade 1: Market Opportunities and Key Foreign Trade Restrictions, Washington, D.C.: USITC. Retrieved from www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub4716.pdf
34. Waldfogel, J. (2017). How Digitization Has Created a Golden Age of Music, Movies, Books, and Television. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(3), 95-214.
doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.3.195
35. WTO (2017). Overview of Developments in the International Trading Environment - Annual Report by the Director-General (2017): Mid-October 2016 to Mid-October 2017, WTO, Geneva.
doi.org/10.30875/f5bf3cef-en
36. WTO (2018a). World Trade Report 2018: The future of world trade: How digital technologies are transforming global commerce. Geneva: World Trade Organization, 2018. Retrieved from www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/wtr18_e.htm
37. WTO (2018b). Overview of Developments in the International Trading Environment: Annual Report by the Director-General (2018): October 2017 to October 2018, WTO, Geneva. doi.org/10.30875/2273d63c-en
38. WTO (2019, 24 June). Report on G20 Trade Measures (Mid-October 2018-Mid-May 2019). Retrieved from www.wto.org/english/news_e/news19_e/g20_wto_report_june19_e.pdf
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