physical activity of adolescents in health and recreation facilities: motives and interests

Purpose: elucidation of the motives and interests of adolescents regarding forms of physical activity in health and recreation facilities. Material & Methods: in a sociological study, adolescents aged 10–15 years participated in children’s health and recreation facilities. Results: in the process of analyzing the survey data, it was found that for adolescent boys, regardless of age, in the exercise and sports, the existence of certain rules and boundaries is very important, which affects their interest and motivation. For girls, on the contrary, the existence of rules and boundaries is a factor that reduces the interest in physical exercises. The presence of emotional coloring and a variety of motor modes, on the contrary, stimulate girls’ creativity and imagination, which leads to their enjoyment of motor activity. Conclusions: in the process of analyzing the survey data, the diversity and non-standard interests of adolescents in physical education and sports and the gender characteristics of their motivation were established. The identified need for the development of organizational and managerial technologies that will take into account the interests and motives of adolescents, with the aim of their active involvement in motor activity.

University of Customs and Finance, Dnipro, Ukraine introduction Human health is laid from the moment of conception in the womb. Further, at the initial stage of life after birth, it is formed in the family; then it is strengthened and supported in preschool, educational, out-of-school, higher educational institutions; in the process of adulthood -it is supported independently (mainly by means of physical culture). Such a paradigm is embedded in the regulatory framework of Ukraine, programs for educational institutions, etc. [4][5][6]. However, an analysis of the scientific and methodological literature shows that such a model is somewhat ideal. First of all, it is effective only under one condition -a person must consciously actively act in this direction. That is, strengthening and maintaining human health depends on the effectiveness of the process of educating the individual, the formation of her relevant needs and motivations [10].
A large number of studies are devoted to physical education in preschool, general educational and higher educational institutions. The scientific literature discusses ways to solve the problems of reducing the motor activity of children and youth, an increase in the incidence rate, and shortcomings in the educational process [2; 7-10]. However, a small number of publications have been devoted to the study of the organizational and managerial foundations of physical education of children during leisure time, in particular, to the study of the forms of organization of physical education in children's institutions for health and recreation (CIHR). Although, according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, CIHR annually visits from 900 thousand to 1,5 million children every summer -this is about 25% of the total number of students [3].
One of our previous studies [1] compared the intensity of physical education in schools and summer camps. Conclusions were drawn, in children's health and recreation facilities there is a more intensive process of physical education compared to secondary schools and school institutions of health and recreation. Children are more likely to participate in physical education and sports events. It was suggested that this was due to the use of non-standard means and forms of increasing physical activity in the camps, which determined the purpose of this study -to clarify the motives and interests of adolescents regarding forms of physical activity in health and recreation facilities.

Material and Methods of the research
During May-July 2019, a sociological study was conducted among adolescents aged 10-15 years in the amount of 836 people. In the process of the survey, a closed-ended questionnaire was used, the question of which was aimed at clarifying the interests of respondents, their motives and attitudes toward sports and fitness activities. The results are summarized in tables 1-3. The sampling error is 2,5% with 95% reliability of the survey results.

results of the research
The generalized responses of the respondents presented in table. 1, show that the vast majority of adolescents (from 66,7% to 94,1%) believe that their health depends on daily exercise. In their opinion (from 70% to 100%), physical education and sport are the basis of a healthy lifestyle (Table 1). However, it should be noted that on average 20,9% of adolescents have no idea about the benefits of physical culture for the human body, and 14% do not understand the place of physical activity among the components of a healthy lifestyle.
The main motives for doing physical exercises girls indicate the formation of grace and posture -the importance of this motive is growing from 51,9% at the age of 10 years to 68,2% -at the age of 14-15 years.
Among young men, the dominant motive at the age of 10 years is the influence of physical exercise on the formation of will and perseverance (56,7%), however, starting from the age of 11 years gradually (at 11 years old -40,0%, at 12 years old -52,9%, at 13 years old -63,6%) motivation to form masculinity is growing. At the age of 14-15 years, this motive and motivation for the formation of will and perseverance acquire equal values for adolescents (47,4%). These data confirm the data of special psychological and pedagogical literature on the formation of pronounced gender characteristics of girls and boys in adolescence.
Also analysis of the materials presented in table. 1, showed that the interests of adolescents in sports classes also have their own gender characteristics. So, for collective independent studies in their free time, children mainly choose sports games: at 10 years old -70%, at 11 years old -50%, at 12 years old -47,1%, at 13 years old -36,4%, at 14-15 years -52,6%. As you can see, interest in sports games gradually fades with age, and resumes at an age older than teens.
So, the interests of adolescents are diverse, and overwhelmingly non-standard. The only type of motor activity that most adolescents (from 68,2% to 93.3%), regardless of age and gender, choose to organize active leisure -there are hiking trips.
The above is confirmed by the analysis of data on the physical education and health-improving activities offered by the teaching staff ( So, from the foregoing, we can conclude that for adolescent boys, regardless of age, in the exercise and sports, the existence of certain rules and boundaries is very important, which affects their interest and motivation. For girls, on the contrary, the existence of rules and boundaries is a factor that reduces the interest in physical exercises. The absence of such, a variety of emotional colors and motor modes, on the contrary, stimulate the creativity of girls, imagination, which leads them to enjoy motor activity. This also finds confirmation by comparing the attitude of adolescents to the organization of physical education in the camp and school, namely the presence of adolescents' desire to be a physical officer of the detachment and class, and the desire to help the physical education teacher at school and the head of physical education in the camp ( Figure 1).
So, the activities of the class and group physical training organizer are always associated with the implementation of all the rules and regulations, according to the guys are more will- ing to agree to such functions: in school (50,1%) and in the camp (51,6%). Whereas the number of such girls in school is 28,8%, in the squad -33,2%. At the same time, more girls want to be the physical training organizer of the detachment than the physical training organizer of the class, due to the greater freedom of choice of forms and means of physical education in children's institutions for recreation and recreation. However, it should be noted that with age, interest decreases and at the age of 14-15 years, children who want to be the group's physical training organizer make up 42,1%, class -31,6%, among girls, 18,2% and 18,2%, respectively (Table 3).
A similar situation has developed regarding the desire of teenagers to help a physical education teacher and the head of the PE camp. So, the number of children assisting assistants in the camp is 58,9%, while in school -46,1%. The difference is 12,8% (!). Among girls, the difference is less and is 4,3%. However, the total number of female assistants is less and amounts to 39,4% at school, in camps -43,7%.
In general, the analysis of the materials of Table 3 allows us to conclude that among adolescents, the authority of teachers of physical culture of a school is lower than the authority of the leaders of PE camps. The relatively low authority of these workers among teenage girls. In our opinion, this is due to the standardization of forms of physical education in secondary schools and the personal qualities of teachers, determines the direction of future research.

conclusions / discussion
Thus, the materials of a sociological study showed the diversity and non-standard interests of adolescents in physical education and sports and the gender characteristics of their motivation.
For adolescent boys, regardless of age, the existence of certain rules and boundaries in physical exercise and sports is very important, which affects the growth of their interest. However, the rules and limits at the same time is a factor in reducing the motivation to exercise.  of adolescent girls is taken by creative activities and forms of physical education, changes in motor regimes, combination with other educational forms and directions that lead to girls getting pleasure from physical activity.
Among most adolescents, hiking is equally interesting. Both boys and girls equally want to participate in them, regardless of age.
prospects for further research. Based on the findings of this study, there is a need to study the motivation and interests of adolescents in motor activity during leisure time during the school year. They also require the development of organizational and managerial technologies that will take into account the interests and motives of adolescents, with the aim of actively involving them in motor activity.
conflict of interests. The authors declare that no conflict of interest. financing sources. This article didn't get the financial support from the state, public or commercial organization.