Mass student sport in domestic and foreign practice

Purpose : carrying out of the comparative analysis of features of the organization of mass student’s sports in domestic and foreign practice and their influence on the personality of students. Material & Methods: analysis of the special literature in which features of the organization of domestic and foreign mass student’s sports are revealed. Result: currently in the development of student sports are two strategically different directions. One, based on the territory of the Soviet Union and which is being implemented in modern Ukraine, provides for students mandatory physical exercises in the educational discipline “Physical Education”, as well as doing sports of their choice at leisure. The second direction, which is a consequence of the evolution of the Euro-American civilization, provides for the creation of conditions and opportunities for students to freely choose their types of motor activity, as a form of their leisure activities. Conclusion: conducted analysis testifies that in Ukraine in the student’s environment there are four possible directions of the influence of sports on the formation of the personality of students: а) sports lessons for physical education in the educational process; b) sports sections; c) low cost sports clubs; d) sports clubs operating on a commercial basis. In foreign practice, the influence of sports on the formation of the personality of students is realized through various forms of club work.


Introduction
Integration processes that unfold all over the world, including all aspects of human existence, concern the spheres of mass student sport, as well as systems for organizing and conducting sports events (competitions, entertainments, games, etc.) for mass types of motor activity [3]. These processes in the domestic practice are due to the fact that the vast majority of students (67,2%) are engaged in physical exercises (or were engaged) only in physical education classes and only about 9,7% of students who study in the 1-4 courses attend sports health-improving sections [4].
As the materials obtained using the Google Ngram search engine indicate, the term «student sports» has been consistently used in scientific and social practice since the middle of the nineteenth century. Student sport went through a complex path of historical evolution. It is actually the basis of modern sports, as evidenced by historical materials. A special role in this process was played by the Oxford and Cambridge universities, the last of which was founded in the 13th century. a group of students and professors who left Oxford University. So, in 1829 the first rowing competitions took place, which were held on the river Thames between the teams of these universities. The first unified rules for playing football were prescribed by representatives of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. They were approved by most schools and clubs, and later they were adopted as the basis of the rules of the Football Association of England. In 1855, in England, for the first time, a circular system of competitions was used, in which students from 17 colleges took part. In 1880 an amateur track and field association was founded in England. In 1891, a teacher from one of the US colleges in Springfield, Massa-chusetts, James Naismith, invented a new game -basketball. These examples clearly demonstrate the important role of the student environment in the development of modern sport.
Purpose of the study: carrying out of the comparative analysis of features of the organization of mass student's sports in domestic and foreign practice and their influence on the personality of students.

Material and Methods of the research
Research methods are based on the analysis of special literature, which reveals the features of the organization of domestic and foreign mass student sport.

Results of the research and their discussion
Student sport in the domestic practice. Currently in the development of student sports two strategically different directions. One, based on the territory of the Soviet Union and which is being implemented in modern Ukraine, provides for students compulsory physical exercises within the framework of the educational discipline "Physical Education", as well as sports of their choice at leisure [1]. This direction, reflecting the state policy in the field of physical education of student youth, inherently assumes a relatively centralized management of the processes that unfold in this area. So, the practical organization of physical education and mass sports in higher educational institutions is regulated by the relevant Regulation [3]. In accordance with this provision, the educational process of physical education and mass sports in higher education is based on the following basic principles:

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SLOBOZhANSKyI heRALD Of ScIeNce AND SPORT
-priority of the educational orientation of the process of physical education and the functional factor in assessing the physical development of students; -multistructurality, which provides for the creation in the higher educational institutions of conditions for a wide choice of physical education for students to study and participate in sports events that meet their needs, interests, health status, physical and technical preparedness, sports qualifications; -individualization and differentiation of educational process on physical education; -combination of public administration and student self-government.
This provision provides the universities with ample opportunities for organizing the physical education of student youth. In accordance with them, students for the organization of practical classes are divided into training groups -physical education, sports education and physical rehabilitation. However, practice shows that the most common is a sports-oriented form of organizing student's classes in physical education. This is the first and most massive level of attracting students to sports activities, and accordingly this is the first organizational form of the mass influence of sport on the personality of the student. Second level of attracting students to sports activities is associated with the functioning in universities of sports clubs and a section on sports. For example, at the Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University [7], in which sport is an integral part of the formation of the general and professional culture of the student's personality, six sports clubs (chess, volleyball, swimming-sports, sports wrestling, Olympic wrestling, boxing and kickboxing) and 18 sports sections (badminton, sports aerobics and cheerleading, basketball (women and men), bridge, athletics, athletic gymnastics and other). About 600 students train in sections. Practice of functioning of university sports clubs also testifies to the fact that a significant part of them go to the conditions of commercial activity (as, for example, various fitness clubs). This is how the private company "Sport and Technical Club of Kiev University T. G. Shevchenko" [8] or a private company" Sport-swimming club "Sokols" of the Carpathian University named after. V. Stefanika [9], whos provide services in the field of sports and recreation.
Student sport in foreign practice. Second direction in the historical development of student sport, which is a consequence of the evolution of the Euro-American civilization, provides for the creation of conditions and opportunities for students to freely choose their types of motor activity, as a form of their leisure activities (sports or exercise at leisure). Such an approach presupposes the formation of appropriate needs for students, is solved at the expense of two interrelated components: the formation of appropriate social thought, and through it the influence on the formation of the students' relevant needs, that is, a certain level of their personal physical culture (if we use the terminology adopted in the domestic scientific environment), and the creation of conditions for the practical implementation of such needs. For example, in the United States, the formation of a corresponding social environment began in the sixties of the last century when, under President D. Eisenhower, the Council for Sports and Physical Fitness was set up, which coordinated activities at the state level in this field. As a result, by 1977 in the US, about 87,5 million people participated in various sporting events. At that time, the most noticeable sign of the fitness boom was that about eight million people were engaged in recreational running [10]. Currently, about 7-8% of the adult population in the United States is doing physical exercises three or more times a week. In the United States, there are 36,3 million people attending gyms, fitness centers or are members of various health clubs [10]. Noted tendencies also appeared in the system of higher education. The need to attract students to exercise was recognized in the university environment, because their academic prestige was already not enough to attract the best students and athletes to training. To do this, universities began to create special sports and recreational centers. The analysis of the information posted in the message about the top 25 such centers shows that, for example, the University of Texas has seven basketball and handball courts, a full-size Olympic pool, archery areas, dance classes and much more, and the University of Cincinnati has three swimming pools, several gyms, a climbing wall, a football and basketball stadiums. Obviously, the development of university sports and recreational centers was possible only if there was adequate funding. Some ideas about this process give such data. For example, at the University of South Florida in 2014-2015 school years, 48373 students were studying. The university has an annual budget of $ 1.5 billion, and the annual economic effect is more than $3,7 billion, although in the rating compiled by the National Science Foundation, this university occupies only 43 places. University Sports and Recreation Center (fitness center) has two basketball courts, a number of specialized sports halls, six fitness halls, an indoor track and field athletics arena, badminton courts, and an indoor pool [11]. Significant revenues to the university budget come from paying students for tuition. So, for example, at the University of New England in Maine (USA), the cost of training for students is more than 20,000 dollars, and for graduate students from 12,500 to 15,000 dollars [12]. Despite the fact that in universities, tuition fees are paid to support talented student athletes, as well as to attract them to scientific activities, special scholarships. For example, at the University of New England (Australia), about 18,000 students study. Every year the University allocates more than 2,5 million dollars in scholarships, various awards, as well as more than 18 dollars million for the staff and students who are involved in scientific research. Various benefits are used to attract students and teachers to sports and sports activities in US higher education institutions. For example, the Institute of Mining and Technology, which is located in New Mexico and is a public institution, has about 2,000 students. Employees and students engaged (for a fee) in the sports center of the institute have the right to engage their husbands or wives, as well as dependent children (aged 11 to 21 years) [13]. Analysis of 25 best sports and recreational centers at universities in America showed that in all universities there are special sports and fitness centers in which students and teachers are engaged. Despite the seemingly effective functioning in foreign universities of the system of attracting students to exercise, as well as the availability of an appropriate sports and recreational base for the realization of their needs for motor activity, however, according to the results of special studies, about 50% of modern young Americans still do not receive the necessary volume of motor activity. Le Sorre [14] noted that, despite the flourishing health and fitness industry, life expectancy in the US has declined for the first time since 1993, and the health of modern people, including student youth, is declining. A number of foreign specialists state that one of the most common obstacles This work is licensed under a Creative Commons 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) for physically active rest of students is their lack of free time. In their opinion, the system of education in higher educational institutions should be changed in order to create conditions conducive to a rational and healthy way of life for students in their free time [5; 6].
As analysis of information posted on the Internet shows, sports activities in foreign universities are organized in the form of club work. It should be noted that the concept of "club" is used to characterize the activities of people aimed at meeting the general (group) needs. He (the club) is a special form of self-organization of people's activities to implement common interests, in this case -in the field of student sports. For example, at Cambridge University there are more than fifty sports clubs in which badminton, football, gymnastics, basketball, volleyball, triathlon, golf, etc. are cultivated (Data for 2016). At the University of Birmingham, for example, there are 53 sports clubs (from American football in windsurfing) that create opportunities for sports both for beginners and qualified athletes, and in the sports center of the University of Athens students can choose any of the following sports: tennis, basketball, volleyball, football, traditional dances, classical sports, table tennis, gymnastics, physical training, aerobics, chess and others. Self-organization in the activities of such clubs is manifested in the fact that students can form teams that represent their departments or university and participate during the academic year in university, inter-university and international student championships. In this university, to raise the prestige of club sports activities at the end of the academic year, winners at a special ceremony are awarded with valu-able prizes from the Senate.
Summarized results of the above analysis are shown in Table. They testify to the essential differences in the process of the influence of sport on the individual, which unfolds in domestic and foreign sports practice. In domestic practice such influence is realized mainly through sports training in the educational process and, to a lesser extent, in sports sections. In foreign practice, it is realized through clubs that represent a special form of self-organization of students' activities for the realization of common interests in the sphere of sports. In this approach, the activity approach is practically implemented, which is the basis of the impact on the individual [2]. conclusions 1. Analysis shows that in Ukraine in the student environment there are four possible areas of influence of sports on the formation of the personality of students: а) sports lessons on physical education in the educational process; b) sports sections; c) budgetary sports clubs; d) sports clubs operating on a commercial basis.
2. In foreign practice, the influence of sports on the formation of the personality of students is realized through various forms of club work.
Prospects for further research. In the future, it is planned to investigate the impact of the activities of domestic sports clubs on the personality of student-athletes.
forms of influence of student sports on the personality of students No. i/o forms of influence of student sports on the personality of students, which are realized: in domestic practice in foreign practice

1.
Sports classes in physical (sports) education in the educational process Absent 2. Sport sections Absent 3.
Budget sports clubs Absent 4.
Sports clubs operating on a commercial basis Common form

5.
Practically absent (Principles of work are different) Club, as a special form of self-organization of students' activities in the implementation of common interests in the field of sports 6.

Sports competitions in which students take part
Participation during the academic year in university, interuniversity and international student championships Participation during the academic year in university, interuniversity and international student championships