Developing Research Base Learning in Urban Sociology Class

This article aims to describe an introduction research base learning in the urban sociology class. The idea came after evaluating answer sheet from previous year students. Although the student had an ability to demonstrate their understanding on the subject, but they could not be able to relate and describe the subject into the local urban case. The lecture developed the lesson plan that enable student to do a small research and will be presented in the class. The research report and participation of presentation will be counted in for final score. The project divided into 5 steps; preparation - research – presentation – discussion – summarizing. Reflecting the lesson process, there are several important points as a lesson learned; student have an ability to reflect the theories and perspective in urban sociology, understand the differences of formal migrant and informal migrant, describe the behavior of inhabitant in public sphere, analyzing survival mechanism of informal trader, and understand how urban sub culture maintain their culture and develop their group as a place of fellowships for other sub culture members.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan digunakannya metode pembelajaran berbasis riset pada mata kuliah Sosiologi Perkotaan. Hal tersebut merupakan hasil dari evaluasi lembar jawaban Mahasiswa pada tes final semester pada tahun sebelumnya. Hasil tes final menunjukkan bahwa Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan materi yang diajarkan dalam pembelajaran namun kesulitan ketika harus mengkaitkannya terhadap permasalahan lokal perkotaan. Pengajar kemudian membuat rencana pembelajaran yang memungkinkan siswa melakukan penelitian sederhana yang nantinya dipresentasikan di depan kelas. Laporan penelitian dan partisipasi dalam pembelajaran diperhitungkan sebagai komponen penilaian dalam skor akhir. Proyek tersebut dibagi kedalam lima tahapan; persiapan – penelitian lapangan – presentasi – diskusi – simpulan. Berpijak dari pembelajaran yang telah dilakukan, didapat beberapa hal yang penting sebagai hasil refleksi belajar; Mahasiswa memiliki kemampuan dalam menjelaskan teori dan pendekatan dalam Sosiologi Perkotaan, memahami proses migrasi antara migran formal dan informa, menjelaskan perilaku penduduk kota di ruang publik, melakukan analisa terhadap mekanisme survival pedagang Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM), memahami bagaimana masyarakat perkotaan membentuk organisasi berbasis primordial dan bagaimana mereka mengambil manfaat dari organisasi tersebut.


INTRODUCTION
An effort to develop research base learning in the urban sociology class began after evaluating student performance in Middle and Final Test. In the tests, Lecture tried to test knowledge, Perspective, and ability student to relate their understanding in theories of urban sociology in explaining urban phenomenon in the societies with local context.
From the answer sheet the lecture identified several findings; a. Student has an ability to demonstrate their understanding of theories, perspective, and knowledge in the area of Urban Sociology b. Student showed their enthusiasm in learning the theme in urban sociolog y, c. Unfortunately, when they were tested by explanatory question type, they were not able to finish the question in sufficient result. d. Furthermore, when they asked to relate the theories, perspectives, and knowledge in the area of Urban Sociology with a local phenomenon, they were not able to relate their knowledge in urban sociology with urban local context. e. For example, they could not explain the limitation of urban space, the differences between informal migration and formal migration, and the use of migrant-ethnic background organization. Considering from the above findings, the lecture tried to do several actions that hopefully address the problem and furthermore it will give a valuable input to increase the learning quality in urban sociology class.

Urban Sociology
In Sociology and Anthropology Department, Faculty of Teaching Training and Education Science. Lambung Mangkurat University, the urban sociology class was tough in 6 th semester.
As a subject, Urban Sociology has been cover and analyses all phenomena in the urban area with the sociological perspectives. As a results, the urban sociology covers all the aspect of urban characteristic with local context.
The Subject of urban sociology could not be separated with the revival of Chicago School in United States.
Although at glace and very little amount, the root of urban sociology could be traced into three scholars which developing the foundation of Sociology who are; Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim. Three of them were not directly focused into urban both ecology and socially as their unit of analysis, and school of tough (Savage and Warde 1993).
Marx saw the rise of modern industry as a focus where Weber saw the decline of traditional authority and the rise of rationalmodern authority and bureaucracy. Durkheim focused in the dependence of human and societies were highly elaborated to the development of the division of labor.
The three scholars do not provide a proper debate of the urban life. They tend to provide specific of the lost tradition in the modern societies. In the modern societies. It was not necessarily to divide a rural and urban because the recent mobility in the modern world is rapidly changed in fast.
The development of urban sociology began with the revival of Chicago school in 1892 when University of Chicago developed the department of sociology which concern with the city especially Chicago City as a unit of analysis (Gottdiener and Budd 2005). The Chicago school then famous with two major branch of studies. First branch was Ecological studies where the second branch was series of Ethnographical produced research.
The famous invention of the ecological study was the analysis from Burges's Model based from the pattern of laid occupation in the 1920's which tried to give broaden picture of social segregation in Chicago as an ideal type of Urban Sociology. The Model can be seen in the chart below.
In the other study, there were several ethnographical research series who produced by participant observation.
That research emphasized in the nature and path of social interaction and social bonding among inhabitant and tend to UNNES JOURNALS develop social urban group such as; gang member, tramps, slum dweller. The social urban group emerged as a result of a changed from traditional societies into modern-Industrial societies. It effect to societies when it had impact into social life.
The development of Chicago school also impacted in political struggle. The Chicago school also influence of liberal political action which believed that American Democracy should enable men and women to achieve their American dream.

The New Urban Sociology
Urban Sociology then found their decline after World War II but came out with new perspective as the new urban sociology.
The new urban sociology was introduced by Manuel Castell which draw an attention in developing urban sociology with more deepen perspectives from theoretical background. Castell developed new urban sociology with more emphasized from Marx perspective. Castell formulated the concept of collectives' consumption To simplify the lesson, an urban sociology class has been divided into several themes, such as:

Migration
Migration is a notable phenomenon all around the world. The migration is not only the mobility of people from one city into other cities, but migration is about process that enables a migrant into their group, community, societies belong to the migrant (Massey, et al. 1993).
Migrations have several triggers such as; economic decline, war, environmental hazard, disaster, political oppression, and other causes. Although it has different causes, migration has similarity in the purposes. The migration has a purpose to get a better life not only for the migrant, but also for their family, groups, and societies. It's consideration is the reason why the migration should not be separated from the family and societies where the migrant belong.
According to Castle at al (Castles and Miller 2003) the migration can be explained in the following theories:

Economic theories of migration Neoclassical theory
The paradigm of neoclassical theory emanates from the paradigm of economic studies perspectives and an important role on migration studies. The unit analysis of this theory is the Individual. The theory explained that people move from sparsely underdeveloped area to densely developed area, from a low to a higher income region. These approaches are also known as "push-pull" theories. Push factors are the conditions in the areas that force the people to move. The push factors include demographic growth, lack of social services, low living standard, lack of economic opportunity, and political repression. The pull factors can be explained as factors that attract the migrants to move and include: demand for labour, availability of land, good economic opportunities, and high standard of living, improve and better social services, and political freedom. The neoclassic theory assumes that the migrant has sufficient knowledge of the destination country to pursue his migration decision. But the neoclassical theory has been criticized because rarely do people move from poor countries to rich countries.

Labour Market Theory
The theory shows the importance of institutional factors, gender, and race in market labour segmentation. The worker is selected not only on the basis of the human capital  (Park, et al. 1967).

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but also through membership of the majority ethnic group, and gender.

The New Economic of Labour Migration
The theory argues that the decision to migrate was not only made by the individual, but also families, households and moreover: communities. The unit analysis of this theory is not the individual but also the social group. The theory argues that the decision to migrate begins with the motive of remittance. The wages in the country of origin can be delivered to the families, household, and even the communities.

Migration System Theory
The theory is constituted by two or more countries that mutually exchange the migrants. The theory argues that the links between countries are based on the existence of colonization, political influence, trade, investment or cultural ties. The basic principle of the migration system can be seen in the relationship between micro and macro structures. Macro structures refer to large-scale institutional factors, while micro structures refer to the networks, practices, and beliefs of the migrants. The macro structures include the political economy, interstate relationships, and the laws. While micro structures are the informal social networks that are developed by the migrant. The other name for this section is Chain Migration. The chain migration started with an external factor, such as: military recruitment or initiated by the movement of young people as pioneers. After the movement is established, the other family member from the country of origin will follow the pioneers. The Chain Migration also shows the importance of migration networks in the country of destination. The migrants will make their social and economic infrastructure; place of worships, associations, and other services.

Lee's Model of Migration
Everett S. Lee (Lee 1966) describes the migration as a permanent or temporary change of residence. Migration can not be limited from the restriction and motive of the mi-grant, as long as the people move from a certain place to a specific place. Lee excluded the continuous movement of nomads and migratory workers, because they migrate not in the long time residence and temporary.
Lee describes four factors drawing the process of migration.
1. Factors associated with the area of origin. 2. Factors associated with the area of destination. There are factors that attract the migrant and the other side rejects the migrants. It can be seen from the sign of + and -. Sign 0 show factors indifferent towards potential migration. The factors that attract people to migrate differ from people to people. There is an important difference between the factors that are associated with the area of origin and those associated with the area of destination. The area of origin has some of the factors that pursue persons to migrate: the life cycle, education, and jobs can be factors that forced persons to migrate, while persons can find better conditions in the area of destination. However, the motivation of people to migrate sometimes is not rational. Transient emotion, mental disorder, and accidental events are also factors that induce people to migrate. Wives and children follow the husbands' are an irrational factors that playing an important factor for migrants to move from the country of origin to country of destination. A ratio-

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nal factor is a factor that affects directly to the effort of migrants in order to get their prosperity, whereas the irrational factor has an indirect effect with the prosperity. The children, wife, and husband were associated with irrational because it has a not direct effect on the reason of migrant to get their prosperity.

Public Space
There are elements of public space which are: intimate, personal, social, and public (Edward 1969). Those four elements will be explained implicatively in this paper.
Public space regarded to the open space that allowed people to come to that area.
One key element attach to the public space is accessibility. Moreover, the accessibility is not only one key element. The town planner should also take into account about public life. People will not only do according the purpose of the public space, watching movie in theater or doing sport in the field, but also interact with other people. The public spaces then change their purpose to the meeting point as interaction place of the people (Blauw 1993). One of example come the public space of Agora. Agora and institution is not only a public space but also Social Institution. The Agora became key element of polis with their formal democratic institution, magisterest, and law court that surrounding the Agora. The activities of Individual, group of friend, age group, and social groups play important role in social cohesion of the Agora (Mandipour 2003). In the public space, people will do their social contact and communication as the element of social interaction. Accessibility itself has limit; (1) the public space sometimes only available for certain people. One of example came from the explanation that sometimes people create their own barrier within response of intimate, personal, social, and public transactions. Some of people make their distinction by the public phase of their personalities (Edward 1969). People that cannot expand their personalities will fill indifferent with other people, moreover with who's their different intimate, personal, social, and public transactions. In order to explaining his perspective, Hall divined the intimate by the intimate distance. He divined two kind of intimate distance, first is Close Phase and Second is Far Phase. Close phase is distance of love making and wrestling, comforting, and protecting. In this phase, the physical contact is highly possibility in the relation between two people. in this maximum contact, it can be clearly see that physical contact is necessary for other people in the society. muscles and skin can be communicate from one to another. The other part is Far Phase. In this phase, the head, thighs, and pelvis are cannot get touch each other, but hand can grasp and shaking in the extremities way. Focus on the eyes also become important to the far phase (Edward 1969).
2) public space sometimes only available for specific condition. It is about the manner of getting into public space, (3) sometimes, the planner make visual barrier of the public space. Although it is open space, but only selected people that recognizing its availability, (4) public space, sometimes, made with little accessibility to get their facilities (Blauw 1993).
Sometimes people are involving their public life in public space. Using the analysis of Bath, incomplete integration, the people interact with other although they do not understand the private side of the people. Contrary, using the analysis of Ervin Goffman which is famous with dramaturgy, the public life should be more understandable with the private sphere of the people. Within private sphere, the people will be easily to understand their quality of social interaction in public space (Blauw 1993).
One of good example comes from medieval city where the public space was shaped by the church and the castle. It is quite strong distinction between public sphere and private sphere, because the medieval city was a market city. The market that usually derived to the Public Sphere was influenced by the necessity of the existence of the church that derived to the Private Sphere It can be suggested for urban planner, that People need to be understood the rea-UNNES JOURNALS son of public space before they use the public space. The interpretation of the people in public space is important factor in order to measure the usage of public space. The public space will be useless if there is misinterpretation from the people in the public space (Blauw 1993).
In order to make useful, the public space has to develop some characteristic of physical condition. Some of important keys attach to the physical condition are: (1) to see and to be seen. It is necessary key element of the people. They need to see and interact with others , moreover they also need to be seen as individual, (2) safety. Safety is important to public space. People more comfort in safety public space, (3) Architectural Safety, (4) Variety of behaviors. The planner should be developing the public space with multi purpose condition (Blauw 1993). According to the public space in the roman period, the public space that appear as the market and exercise youth during the peace period then change to be place to stockpile timber, grain, and other commodities that supporting the siege. From this purpose, we see that although there is specialization place, but it is consider as the flexible place where the function is also change (Mandipour 2003).
The public space has also dealt with the social condition of the people. Within the use of the public space, the below characteristic should be attached in the public space. (1) People can recognize a public space. The public space should be designed to the people that will use the facilities. The culture and step of civilization on anthropological perspective should be taken in to account in developing the public space. (2) Familiarity with the public space. The people should familiarize with the situation in the public space. The familiarity will bring the comfortable to the people that use the public space.
(3) Variety of the people. the variety from background of the people that use the public service will be useful to give broad vision of the people in term of multicultural aspects. With the richness of multicultural aspects, people will have broader vision in learning the other people backgrounds.
(4) Public Behavior. In order to enter and using the public space, the people have to understand the manner and custom of the previous people that using the public space. The understanding the manner and custom of the public space will be useful in order to avoid awkward of the people that enter the public space for the first time (Blauw 1993).
The rapid innovation in technology brings a jump mode of social interaction of the people, which called as runaway world by Anthony Giddens. People more depend on the telecommunication tolls than face to face interaction. This innovation tends to decrease the availability of public space. But the necessity of Public Space important in the future. Because it is place where the people have face to face and part of city symbol. In other side, the public space is connection between streets (Blauw 1993).

Market and Small medium Enterprise
The Small Medium Enterprises is one of the economic systems in the societies. The SME has several characteristic such as: labor intensive, efficient, and equitable sharing income. SME thus become one of the poverty alleviation strategy (S and Goldmark 2005).
The flourish of SME is depending of availability on Opportunities and Capabilities. The diagram below will show how those characteristics involve the development and flourish the SME in the broader context. The SME is running by the individual or communities that have entrepreneur skills who have ability to taking a risk under unpredictable circumstances.
Although depend on their personal capability, an entrepreneurs influenced by several factor. Such as for external factor; economic and policy environments play important role in the development of entrepre-
The table above show how the characteristic of the Development of entrepreneurships. "Gazelles" type is situation where people who have knowledge and skill meet with an opportunity to running their business.
The "ponies" type is situation when there are an abundant of opportunity but least ability and skill to take the advantages from the situation.
In the "Caterpillar" type, people have a skill and knowledge but face the challenge of poor opportunity.
The "tortoises" type is characteristic when there are lack of opportunities and capabilities(S and Goldmark 2005).
For Indonesia context, SME become more important of economic feature because of following reasons: first, SMEs performs better in generating employee. Second, SMEs have promising opportunity through the flourish of social media. Thirds, the flexibility of SMEs. In the rapid change of economic environment, the SMEs can adapt easily with such as changing the economic downturn

Urban Sub Cultures
Base on the structure and service of Korean Church in the US, Ming (1992) noted some role of Migrants organization Networks. The church provides both of religious purpose and social purpose. Migrants follow the church to get religious service and followed with social purpose from the Church member. The Social purposes that gave by the church member are: 1. Providing fellowships for the migrants 2. Maintaining the Culture. 3. Social service to member. 4. Providing social status and position.
The network in the church provides maintain social interaction and friendships network for the migrants since migrants feel separated by the native home country inhabitants. In the church gathering, the migrants exchange greeting and enjoy in the conversation between migrants. The churches also provide a traditional lunch and dinner from country of origin and also for celebration of migrant's birthday and other purpose.
The members of the church as the networks also provide the service to maintain the native culture tradition and ethnic identity. The traditional networks within migrants seem to be useful in order to get social assistance from other migrants. The networks in the church give service need to new immigrants with informal and formal service. In informal service, the church network give the member some services such as provide housing, information and concealing for their business, health care, social security, children education, and filling out the application form from serious difficulty. Formally, the churches provide service such as: native country home origin language, bible studies, seminars, and conferences.
Looking the service in the Maya Ethnic Community in Houston, Texas, Hagan andEbaugh (2003: 1155) noted some role of the ethnic community. The community provides importance program for the new comer as linkage the new migrants with former migrants. The network will be useful in order to get the place reference of settlements, reproduce Maya Culture, Sunday Worships Class, Bible Class, Woman and Man Groups media, and Youth Meeting.
Furthermore Cadge and Ecklund (2006) found that the migrants usually follow and contact with religious organization for following reason: 1. Desire for religious and spiritual support. 2. Opportunity to spend time with others from ethnic and language group. 3. Formal and informal social service, such as: a. Connection to the house. b. Offer English as language assistance. c. Formal and Informal Job Network. d. Offering Native Language. (2007) explained the relation between migration and religion. They paid attention on the religious gathe-UNNES JOURNALS ring place, how religion contributes on the formation for immigrants, religious and civic and political participation among immigrants, and considered the belief, practice for second-generations immigrants.

Cadge and Ecklund
The immigrant association provided a social service and facilitated with assimilation and acculturation. Language became an important part of association and social service in the organization. Language was a key dividing line through service for the member for congregations. In order to make the people come together for the worships, organizations provided a separated service in different language.
In social service, Cadge and Ecklund noted that historically, organization migrant religion was a conservative place that preserved ethnic custom, language, and group solidarity as an adaptive place for adjusting immigrants into new environments. They gave an example from the Churches in New York that provided assistance such as; housing, food, employments, and a safe place for Chinese who recently came from previous place. In the other side, they also provided a direct assistance religious center who in addition fostered network for mortgages, housing, jobs, and business opportunities that facilitated social and economic adaptation.
Associations maintained an important role for second generation. Cadge and Ecklund believed that the second generation as well as third generation will be less religious than their parent. To make them still maintain their identity, the organization became an important place for negotiates relation with the first generation, gather cultural, and social capital in order to expand their economic and educational improvement. Participating in the organization will lead to protect the social network with co-ethnic, facilitating adolescence success in school, and adapting in the country of destination.
Boyd (cited in Hagan, 1998: 55) defined network in migration case as relationship base on family, kin, friendship, and community. The migrant network can be seen in several stages of migration process, such as: decision to migrate, direction and persis-tence of migration flows, transnational link, and settlement patterns and incorporation.
After did an ethnography research of Mayan Community in Huston, Hagan (1998) noted that the main function of the immigrant communities was to develop a resource of work and job for the new comer Mayan. Although the resources were given the same, operationally, there were differences between Man and Women in getting the Job. For Men's working situation, there was a connection between social group norm and working norms. There was an indication of high concentration of Mayan Man in the one department. The concentration was provided by an ability of Mayan men to gain the labor opportunity and control the work process. The system of work was managed by encargado that supervised the social organization in the work process. Encargado was given to the man who was a leader in the community and working in a company earlier and longer period compare with other man. The encargardo became a community representative to the department and store manager. The ethnic system of work also applied in controlling the recruitment, work schedule, and promotion. The men who were working in the department will be told to other men if there were job availabilities.
Hagan noted that Women in Mayan community also work in one industry and type of Job. They were working in the private household domestic worker. The work was chosen because the job opportunities only available for "labor vacuum" type (a job not wanted by other). The job was available for undocumented migrants.
The social system of job preferences will give a benefit for migrants in terms of providing carrier promotion, rising wages, benefit packages, resources and information that circulated within members. The migrants also take an advantages with maintain relations co-ethnic local native inhabitants. Within cooperation, they could bridge and maximize the information of job preferences. Although the women were more limited in opportunities, they were still able to get and give a sufficient benefit to the social system of Mayan such as; limited assistance for UNNES JOURNALS female arrivals. Looking among Korean associations in the US, Ley (2008) noted that the accumulation of bonding social capital took a place among groups who shared the common biographies. The bond was a "crazy glue together". Ethnicity, language, and place of origin were common to congregational members in the sustain migrations. Although not all shared the same religion, but the meeting and settlement service were attended by all migrants without notice their religion background. In addition, the association (such as; place of worship) become a community migrants center.
Bonding of social capital among Korean migrants in the US was developed by involving the coalescence of faith with language, ethnicity, place of origin, and time of arrival. Those characteristic then made important part of developing identity. The similarity within migrants will led to mutual understanding and trust that effected with bonding social capital. Ley (2008) also noted that in the country of destination, migrants have to do an adaptation in order to adjust with the country of destination cultures. The migrants associations provide the assistance for migrants. Associations offered "home away from home", "a safe place to grow and feel accepted", "a non-threatening place", "a refugee", and a place to establish confidentiality for migrants' and supporting the migrants when they were struggling to find job outside organizations. Association become second home and place where the migrants established their extended family. Homogeneity and similar experience in the past were main factor in mutual assistances.
Network and resources through bonding social capital was provided informally without any guidance by government. Within the home group and congregation, the information about network, resource, and assistance were carried out. The network was basically developed by weekly meeting and in Church when they were in Bible studies.
Within a network, associations provided language assistance for the migrants. In religious association, Lev also noted some religious service that given to the member such as baby shower. Another important assistances were given by the church such as; information of job information, accommodation (short term or long term), filling out an application form, interpreter, applying social insurance, medical matter, how to open bank account, and counseling. In counseling, association was a significant service in healing member who was emotionally hurt in relation with their family and colleagues. The mutual assistance was giving a benefit from each other experiences. Ley (2008) noted that maintain the social capital asset was difficult part in association because then there was disproportionate donor of time, resource, and money. Although some of them were done by the voluntary action, but they needed financial contribution in order to make the association sustainable.
After they were successfully bonding their social capital, the other important was bridging especially for second generation. Ley referred that bridging was a considerable movement for the first generation within their own social and cultural history and successes. One of the prominent ways was accommodating their need of second generations. In the country where they were growing up not as their home culture, a multicultural action needed to be added by the association as their service. Within these need, the association can take serious action on giving multicultural experience for the second generations. The act of acculturation on the country of destination cultures was a remarkable action that should be done by association.

METHODS
The project of developing research base learning in Urban Sociology class was inspired by constructivism learning which has a guidance that the student will construct and develop their knowledge by their experience in their everyday life.
Constructivism believe there is a connection between Individual and their Environment where their live. The result of UNNES JOURNALS interaction between Individual and Environment is consisting of knowledge, experience, and attitude that will be shaping with the teacher when the students pursue their education in the school. The implementation of constructivism approach is not smoothly operated because it will be faced with a traditional teaching method.
The constructivism teaching method needs a trust from the teacher to a student. The teacher should trust that student will develop their knowledge by enhancing their experience. The trust of gaining experience to knowledge should be operated in the learning process in class.
From the explanation it can be seen that students are appeared to be an active individual who choose and control the subject.
The constructivism encompasses an active change (Barraket 2005); 1. Change orientation from teacher to student. 2. Material should be designed to courage student to develop the knowledge. 3. Teacher as facilitator and contribution. 4. Change a responsibility from teacher to student. 5. Effective assessment.
After several consideration and input from the department, the lecture tried to develop a material that enable student to develop their knowledge and then shared to the whole urban sociology class.
The research base learning was chosen as learning mechanism that covers the entire problem and appears as an answer. In research base learning, the student will actively involve themselves into activities that enable them to construct a theory and hopefully they will find their similarity in everyday life.
Furthermore, hopefully the students are able to find an interesting topic that different or not discuss in front of class. Those topics will be an interesting finding to be a remarkable input for urban sociology lear-

ning.
The research base learning as method of learning is chosen base of several reasons; 1. The need of learning mechanism that courage the student to develop their own experience and enable it into knowledge. 2. The need of introducing the student with a real urban phenomenon in everyday life. 3. The necessity to develop "a bridge" from theory (that tough in the class) with a practical (a real example in the societies). 4. The need to filling the gap.
In Sociology and Anthropology Department, Lambung Mangkurat University. The research method had been tough in three subjects; Introduction of Social and Education Research, Qualitative Social Research, and Quantitative Social Research. Unfortunately, there is a gap among those three research method subject. The Introduction of social research had been tough in first year whereas Quantitative and Qualitative Social Research had been tough in third year. There is a need to give a research method in second year but it is implicate in one of the subject that tough in second year and not as a single subject.
The Urban Sociology is a subject that tough in second year and appears to be subject that enable a real phenomenon as subject studies.

The Step of Learning Process
The project was divided into 5 steps which are; preparation -research -presentation -discussion -summarizing.

Preparation
In the preparation steps, the students were divided into 5 groups according to the research themes which are migration, public sphere, informal trader, market, and urban sub cultures. Each of group then undertakes a small observation in their selected and particular place of research. After selected their place of research, the student develop an interview guide as a research tool and UNNES JOURNALS presenting in front of class to get an input and remarks from the other students. The groups of migration are divided into two groups. First group will do research about formal migrant where the other research about informal migrant. The groups then develop a research problem with interview guide.
The groups of public sphere are divided into three groups. First group will undertake research in Taman PKK, the second group in Taman Kamboja, and the rest will do a research in Pantai Jodoh and Siring (River Bank) in Banjarmasin. The groups will seek the use and the differences among the three public spheres. The groups also develop an interview guide as a research tool that enable them to investigate the visitor characteristic, the characteristic will be understand as mechanism how the visitor see the public sphere and how they use the public sphere.
The groups of informal trader and market will undertake the research both in street vendor trader, formal market trader, and informal market trader. The identification those three traders are;

Street vendor trader (Pedagang Kaki
Lima) The trader operated in several particular places in Banjarmasin. Usually they sold various foods, drink, and several everyday use goods. The student will investigate their habitual, interaction among street vendor, interaction with their informal leader, interaction with the costumer, and interaction with government especially with municipal polices.
2. Formal market trader, the student will be investigate trader in the formal market. They will trace their habitual, social bond among trader and how their connection with inhabitant surrounding the formal market. In other issues, this research also investigates the use and impact of formal market to the inhabitants.

Informal market trader.
In Banjarmasin, informal market is usually named by Pasar Tungging. Different from formal market, the informal market has not exact place. The traders have been changing from one place into other places. The student tried to investigate how their survival, social bond among trader, and interaction between informal trader with inhabitant and how their deal with regulation. The Group of urban group culture will investigate the kind of group with ethnical or primordial base in Banjarmasin.
The student will underpin their group habitual, gathering, fellowship and the use of group to the member. By able to identify the group advantage, it can draw connection between group and the member.

The Research
After identify their exact research instrument, the student with their group then undertake their fieldwork in their particular research areas. During the research, the student regularly reported their research to the lecture by filling research report note.
The research report was useful to identify the improvement of student and became important part to evaluate the student research performance.
The lecture gave a time and room if the student wanted to discuss the improvement, difficulties, or barrier during research phase.

Presentation -Discussion -Summarizing
The presentation phase was begun shortly after the research phase ended. In the presentation phase, the student presented their preliminary research findings into other students in a class.
During the presentation steps, there were holding several discussion to discuss their preliminary findings. The discussion was important for limiting their finding across to the aims of their particular researches.
There were two notions of the presen-UNNES JOURNALS tation step, first, to deliver the results of the research to the lecture and other students in the class. Second, within presentation phase, they would get question, remark, and input from lecture and other students. The input and remark will be useful for them to sharpening their final research report in the end of semester. The result of presentation and discussion was a form of summarizing note that important for them to develop their exact research report.

Lessons Learned
From the process of learning, it can be concluded some lesson learned that can be drawn into several point.

The research base learning may became
one proposed learning process that has two purposes; a. Provide research skill to students from; deciding subject researches, deciding research themes, designing research instrument, constructing preliminary research findings, summing up the research findings, and writing a proper research reports. b. The learning process became "a bridge" from theory into empirical phenomena. 2. The learning process guided the student to find a valuable finding during fieldwork. Some of valuable findings such as; a. The students have an ability to identify formal migrant and informal migrant. The formal migrant was identified by their working in legal place of work, exact and salary base on their merit structure, and their performance. The formal migrant was identified by their place work, inefficient and hazardous working environment, vulnerability living, and uncertain salary. The formal and informal migrant was differing from their capital to compete in work opportunity. The formal migrant used their education and experience background as a capital and foundation for them to compete with the job opportunity.
The informal migrant used their experience, capabilities, and network among informal migrants for getting job. Usually, the informal migrant worked as street vendor and service. They used network among migrant to find opportunity for their business. The opportunity can be seen in the seeking of place of trading their good and service, working in various small and medium enterprises, and working for small wages.

b. Informal and Formal Market
The group of Informal and Formal market noted some remarkable findings. They could identify the differences between small and formal market. The formal market was identified by market that ruled under government regulation. They was placed by the small aisle depend on their good selling.
In order to get sufficient income, Trader in the formal market developed special mutual relation with their costumer. Usually, they gave special treatment and price for their costumer. This treatment was done by the purpose that costumer will became regular costumer. The inhabitant surrounding the market felt pleasant with the market, because they have an opportunity to develop service to the market costumer. The inhabitant made parking lot service, food and drink store, and other services both for costumer or trader. The student of informal market group could identify the habitual of informal market traders. They understand the reason why they chose informal market rather that formal market. The availability of costumer and comfortable ruled by the community. The trader in informal market had an ability to develop their informal social organization to strengthen their position and share information and knowledge among informal trader.
c. Public Space The groups of public space were successful to come up with proper research fin-