A Literature Review of Women’s Sports in Social Dynamics: Fou-cault’s Genealogy

This review article provides an overview of the reality of sports women in the life of social dynamics. The method used is a literature study or literature review. Literature study or literature review is a research design used to collect data or sources related to a particular topic by reading, recording and managing research materials. The purpose of this method is to reveal various theories that are relevant to the problem under study. In the search conducted through the keyword “sportswomen” on several websites, 40 findings relevant to the research were displayed. Then it was re-executed according to the needs of the researcher so that 6 article data were obtained. The results showed that women in the world of sports experienced a very rapid development. Many achievements obtained by female athletes from the 1900 Paris Olympics to the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo show the increasing contribution of female athletes. In addition to the acquisition of achievements, women occupy sports organizations as women leaders in sports. The existence of women in the world of sports shows that this masculine world does not only look at gender but everyone has the right to be involved in it

calm, graceful, emotional and expressive are considered feminine (Atmam, 2021).Societal views suggest that women who play sports are considered unusual and sports are considered an activity more suitable for men.According to them, a woman who does sports activities will look masculine (Astuti & Parulian, 2018).So that if further investigated, this issue or problem can be identified based on several factors that cause this to happen, including myths, ethics, cultural structures and religious interpretations that corner women in an unnatural position (Raswin, 2015).Furthermore, some other opinions that cause women to be excluded in sports are due to cultural attitudes towards feminism and medical ideas about women›s physiological disabilities.This is analyzed by two logics: (1) women tend to be physically less strong, which limits their ability to compete in sports that require strength and high competition; and (2) feminism requires special characteristics, and appropriate women do not participate in strenuous sports (English, 2020).
As was the case in the 1970s, when women first experienced discrimination in the world of sports.At that time, women›s sports teams received very little honorarium compared to men, a difference of up to five times.Furthermore, differences were also shown in the sports facilities and equipment used.Women used outdated gymnasiums as training grounds.The equipment used is second-hand from the men›s sports teams.Using buses as a means of transportation while male sports teams are given airplane facilities.Not getting enough attention in training.And sportswomen who excel do not get attention in the media coverage of newspapers, radio and even television (Dermawan et al., 2019).
The existence of issues and problems related to gender inequality eventually gave rise to a movement known as the feminism movement (Utomo et al., 2022).The feminist movement is a movement with the aim of improving the role of women who have been considered subordinate to men.The system states that men as heads of households have power over their family members, including male and female slaves.Based on Kate Millet›s view that men have controlled the public and private worlds, this is defined as patriarchy.This control must be challenged in order to realize freedom for women.However, this is certainly not easy because it requires cooperation between men and women to eliminate gender inequality, status, roles that have been constructed by patriarchal culture (Utomo et al., 2022).
The Indonesian government›s participation

INTRODUCTION
Although emancipation has been legalized, the debate about the existence of women in the structure of society is still often debated.(Schneider, 2020).Various efforts to raise the status and dignity of women are always being made.However, the reality is that the existence of women in the social structure is still in an adverse position.This is due to the marginalization of roles and moral oppression as well as the subordination of men.(Anwar, 2020).The constructed image of women is maintained in the midst of society through differences in gender positions that form the division of roles and responsibilities of men and women in a patriarchal culture.Patriarchal culture is a system that states that men are the main holders of power.(Utomo et al., 2022).
The term «Gender» never ceases to be debated in social discourse.However, the meaning of gender and the causes of its vulnerability to debate are often mistranslated.(Anwar, 2020).Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate an understanding of the concepts of sex (gender) and gender in the social space.Sex is the philosophy of distinguishing men and women in terms of biological and natural characteristics that cannot be exchanged.Meanwhile, gender is the philosophy of separating men and women in terms of the results of social construction, not nature and can be exchanged.In simple terms, gender is interpreted as the division of roles or labeling (Sotiriadou & Haan, 2019).However, unfortunately, people›s understanding of gender roles is still based on gender.For example, household chores are only the responsibility of women, while men are not fit to do them.Men are identified as breadwinners and deserve special treatment.Unlike the existence of women who are considered only as a complement to the family.(Sastrawati, 2018).
Issues and problems of injustice and inequality in gender with regard to women have penetrated in various aspects of the field of life such as economic, cultural, social and political.Specifically in the field of sports, women experience inequality of rights and opportunities and even experience acts of discrimination.(Utomo et al., 2022).The reason for this is the persistence of masculine traditions, a combination of actions, language and practices found in a particular location and culture that are generally associated with men who are not feminine.Ideas about masculinity include being tough, in control, aggressive, powerful, organized, fearless, and competitive.Meanwhile, being beautiful, in CEDAW (The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) in 1975 at the UN headquarters, shows a shared commitment with the international community to combat various forms of discrimination.This dedication was further strengthened by the birth of Indonesian Law No. 76 of 1984.Actually, CEDAW and Law No. 76 function as a legal framework.They succeeded in placing women on equal footing with men (Raswin, 2015).The beginnings of women›s involvement in sport came about through a worldwide social movement.It aims to empower women to be perfect human beings in their intellectual and physical abilities (Astuti & Parulian, 2018).Women›s intellectual and physical abilities are the basis for their participation in all aspects of human life.In Coakley›s writing, women are increasingly encouraged to try different sporting opportunities as a result of their growing awareness of the health benefits of physical activity.Meanwhile, according to Cortis, Sawrikar, and Muir, there are a number of factors that influence women›s participation in sports, including (1) socio-cultural constraints, (2) access constraints, (3) affective constraints, (4) physiological constraints, (5) resource constraints, (6) interpersonal constraints (Astuti & Parulian, 2018).
In terms of intelligence and physical strength, women are equal to men.In sports, it has been determined that women are able to compete with men.There has been a shift in male dominance in sports, as evidenced by the existence of organizations or institutions that provide support for the women›s movement.In addition, they are willing to provide exposure to achievements made by women (Sobal & Milgrim, 2017).Regarding the identity and existence of women in the world of sports, they are able to achieve a position equal to men.This means that women have equal rights with men in determining the actions to be taken.So that it has an impact on women who are no longer exploited by men.Therefore, sport is no longer considered a foreign thing for women.Women get recognized in the field of sports without having to be masculine (Utomo et al., 2022).
In recent years, gender and sport have changed a lot as more and more women are participating in sports (Sobal & Milgrim, 2017).Women›s participation in sports started from the 1900 Paris Olympics with a total of 11 female athletes if in percentage of about 0.01%.The increase in women›s participation in sports is starting to be seen.This was proven at the 2016 Olympics in Rio De Janeiro.Recorded as many as 4,500 or 45% are total female athletes from the total number of athletes participating in the Olympics.Experienced another increase at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics where as many as 50% were total female athletes from all Olympic participants.Increasing women›s participation in the world of sports is a great opportunity to realize gender equality in sports (Dermawan et al., 2019).
Sports Actors are every person and/ or group who are directly involved in sports activities which include sportsmen, sports coaches, and sports personnel.The meaning of «everyone» in the Law means that it does not limit the terms men and women but both have the opportunity to be involved in the world of sports.The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recorded that in 2006 there were 14 women who were active as members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) out of 113 members (14%).Furthermore, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) describes information based on 192 National Sports Commissions (such as KONI in Indonesia) women are involved in the commission as follows: (1) 20% of women sit in the executive body of 62 national sports commissions, (2) out of 182 National Sports Commissions there is an average of one woman in the executive body.Then from the information of 35 International Sports Federations, it is obtained that (1) 20% of women in 10 International Sports Federations are placed in the executive body, (2) from 30 International Sports Federations there is one woman in the executive body (Nopembri, 2013).
The birth of great sports women both as athletes, leaders in sports organizations, sports academics, activists and so on is proof that the progress of the times shows progress for women as well.The struggle to be able to realize the reality of emancipation and shrink gender inequality in the world of sports.Based on the explanation of the phenomenon above, the purpose of this paper is to describe the reality of women in sports in the current social dynamics analyzed using Foucault›s genealogy.

METHOD
The research method used is a literature study or literature review.Literature study is a research design used to collect data or sources related to a particular topic (Wildani & Gazali, 2020).The purpose of the literature study is to describe the main content based on the information that has been obtained (Maesaroh et al., 2022).The data collection technique for this literature study is to use a database search tool to search for literature sources (Yustika et al., 2019).Data collection begins by using the keywords of the existence of women in sports on Google Scholar.Obtained articles as many as 40 sources of literature.Then the articles were screened by skimming, namely reading the core of the journal focusing on the topic, the suitability of the journal content, the suitability of the source known from the abstract, keywords, introduction and conclusion.In the end, 5 articles were used in this literature study.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The research results are presented in the following table which contains the results of the literature review analysis including the author's name and research results (Syofian & Gazali, 2021).The following Table 1 shows the results of the literature review analysis.
In the research of Matthis Kempe-Bergman, Hakan Larsson and Karin Redelius, there are four positions that indicate subjects: skeptics, cynics, women's rights advocates and constructionists.Skeptics raise doubts, cynics construct equality arguments as unrealistic, women's rights advocates articulate semi-essential and quantitatively-oriented support for gender equality, and constructionists voice a norm-critical approach (Kempe-Bergman et al., 2020).So when it comes to gender, there will be many pros and cons between accepting the equality or even rejecting it.One of them happens in the world of sports.Many rejections assume that women are not fit to do masculine activities, but there are also those Table 1 shows the results of the literature review analysis

Author Name
Research Result

Papat Yunisal dan Rismayanti
The existence of women's football has made a new history for Indonesia.This brings awakening for women as a form of women's emancipation in Indonesia.The existence of women's football gave birth to a special women's movement that was able to grow new seeds in women's football in Indonesia.In 1970, the development of women's football increased marked by the formation of an organization that oversees women's football organizations, namely Galanita (Yunisal & Rismayanti, 2019).
Dikdik Fauzi Dermawan, Firmansyah Dlis, dan Dhika Bayu Mahardika Since the 1900 Paris Olympics women have participated as athletes with a total of 11 female athletes.If the percentage is about 0.01%, there is an increase in women's participation in sports.The most significant increase was seen at the Rio De Janeiro Olympics around 4,500 or 45% of the total number of athletes participating in the Olympics.Looking at the development of women at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, as many as 50% of all Olympic participants are women.That way, women in the world of sports provide great hope for realizing gender equality in the world of sports (Dermawan et al., 2019).
Rya Chitra Argadilla The relationship between male and female athletes is good and close.There is no difference between the two so it is evident that the position of women and men is the same.All they do with a happy heart.Given that their goal is the same, namely to make the organization proud in the field of sports.So that way all the goals they want can be realized (Argadilla, 2021).

Pratama Aditya Ramadhan dan Diyah Utami
There are two motives for women's involvement in choosing to pursue pencak silat sports, namely the cause motive and the goal motive.The motive for women to pursue pencak silat sports is because of the influence of others, curiosity, learning to protect themselves, and the desire to become athletes in pencak silat sports.As for the motive of the purpose of women pursuing pencak silat sports, namely to increase paseduluran or brotherhood, to find the next generation, and to improve achievement (Ramadhan & Utami, 2021).

Erika Br. Pinem dan Rosramadhana
Factors causing women's participation in pencak silat sports are internal and external factors.The internal factor of women's participation in pencak silat sports is the willingness of oneself and there is no coercion.While external factors, namely the community appreciates women who participate in pencak silat (Pinem & Rosramadhana, 2023).

Matthis Kempe-Bergman , Hakan Larsson dan Karin Redelius
The results show that there are four positions that subjects exhibit: skeptics, cynics, women's rights advocates and constructionists.Skeptics raise doubts about the reasonableness and fairness of gender equality, cynics construct gender equality as unrealistic or impossible, women's rights defenders articulate semi-essential and quantitatively-oriented support for gender equality, and constructionists voice a normcritical approach.(Kempe-Bergman et al., 2020).
who accept the existence of women in the world of sports because of the health aspect.Misconceptions of the meaning of gender and sex give birth to these thoughts.Gender is simply defined as the division of roles or labeling.Meanwhile, sex is the philosophy of distinguishing men and women in terms of biological and natural characteristics that cannot be exchanged (Sotiriadou & Haan, 2019).Furthermore, research conducted by Dikdik Fauzi Dermawan, Firmansyah Dlis, and Dhika Bayu Mahardika shows the development of women's progress in the world of sports from 1900 to 2020 (Dermawan et al., 2019).For almost 100 centuries, women have been fighting for their place in the world of sports through their achievements.Until finally they reached the best point, namely the recognition of women in this masculine world (sports).If examined with Foucault's genealogy, the success of women in the world of sports is related to the existence of power and knowledge relations in their journey.Women's success is not solely seen from their sporting achievements, but the knowledge they have is used as a weapon to read the situation in competition, build strategies to achieve victory.This knowledge ultimately leads them to success, which in turn has an impact on power.
For Foucault, power is always actualized through knowledge, and knowledge always has a power effect.According to Foucault, the organization of knowledge always produces knowledge as the basis of power.It is almost impossible for power not to be supported by an economy of truth discourse.Knowledge is not a vague expression of power relations, but knowledge is within the power relations themselves.Power produces knowledge and not just because knowledge is useful for power.There is no knowledge without power and vice versa there is no power without knowledge (Syafiuddin, 2018).
The meaning of power in question is that women also have the right to dominate in the masculine world (sports) with the knowledge they have.In accordance with Foucault's statement that there is no knowledge without power and vice versa there is no power without knowledge.This means that these two things are interrelated with each other in their dynamics.It can be observed at present, that women have begun to progress.Not only staying at home but many have dared to voice their opinions and even have a career.In Pratama Aditya Ramadhan and Diyah Utami's research, the reasons why women pursue sports are two motives, namely causes and goals.This cause motive is like the influen-ce of others, curiosity, the desire to learn.While the purpose motives such as to add paseduluran or brotherhood, to find the next generation, and to improve achievement (Ramadhan & Utami, 2021).In addition to the motive of cause and purpose, there are also other factors described in Erika Br.Pinem and Rosramadhana's research that internal and external factors also influence the presence of women in the world of sports.Internal factors come from the women themselves.While external factors are external support for women to excel in the world of sports (Pinem & Rosramadhana, 2023).
In addition to a career as an athlete, women today are also starting to join a lot of sports organizations and even build their own organizations specifically for women in sports.For example, as many women are involved in national sports commissions, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and other sports federations (Nopembri, 2013).Then in the emergence of women's football in Indonesia which gave birth to a movement of women who have been able to grow new seeds in women's football in Indonesia.Entering 1970, the development of women's football continued to increase, including marked by the formation of an organization that oversees women's football, namely Galanita (Yunisal & Rismayanti, 2019).
On the side of women's success in the masculine world, this masculine subject itself does not question the existence of women in the world of sports.In fact, both of them support each other.For example, Rya Chitra Argadilla's research shows that the family relationship between male athletes and female athletes is very close.There is no difference between the two which proves that the position of women and men is the same.All they do with a happy heart.Given that their goal is the same, which is to make the organization they represent proud (Argadilla, 2021).So this goes back to the internal factors of both men and women.Their perspective and thinking shows maturity in healthy competition.

CONCLUSION
The reality of women in sport shows the rapid development of women in this masculine world.Women's contributions are not only athletes but the careers they achieve in the world of sports such as joining sports organizations.The existence of women in the world of sports if analyzed with Foucault's genealogy analysis shows the relationship between power relations and knowledge.Women's success is not solely seen from their sporting achievements, but the knowledge they have is used as a weapon to read the situation in competition, build strategies to achieve victory.This knowledge ultimately leads them to success so that it has an impact on power.The existence of women in the world of sports shows that this masculine world does not only look at gender but everyone has the right to be involved in it.