Mainstreaming the Position of Media for Good Governance in Combating Corruption in Indonesia

: Media is one of the important pillars in democracy. In many conditions, the media is also considered to have an important role in encouraging the creation of good governance, one of which is encouraging massive efforts to prevent corruption and enforce the law


I. INTRODUCTION
Eradicating corruption is not enough to punish and give anticorruption lectures or seminars. In order not to cause the growth of corruption in Indonesia, it is necessary to find out the root of the problem. By providing sufficient anti-corruption education, it will provide protection to the future generation of the nation from rampant corruption. The Indonesian nation, which is active in carrying out development, urgently needs a condition that can support the creation of a national development goal, namely a just 233 | Indonesia Media Law Review and prosperous society based on Pancasila. One of the obstacles in the implementation of development is the criminal act of corruption. The problem of combating corruption can not only be done by law enforcement officials, but the world of education is also expected to play a role in preventing corruption from an early age. Education as a forum to shape the next generation of the nation becomes an effective forum in the context of preventing corruption. 1 The problem of corruption that is being experienced now is basically studied historically, corruption has existed since man existed. As stated by Wijayanto (2009), that judging from the history of corruption has existed along with the birth of human civilization, even corruption is believed to arise along with the age of man himself.
We can see this from the nature of human beings who want to rule over each other so that it causes competition and a sense of wanting to beat. This condition makes people forget the rights and obligations that should be held so that what is called corruption arises. Therefore, corruption is not a new phenomenon that is happening, but a problem that has existed for a long time and is difficult to eradicate.
Moreover, as discussed above, corruption has entered every aspect of the life of the Indonesian nation. As a result, in addition to the high number of practices, the public also seems to have considered the 1 problem of corruption reasonable, so that corruption perpetrators become freer to practice it freely. This is because the impact caused by corruption is very broad and interferes with the continuity of the process of national and state life. All development processes in the asta gatra system are greatly disrupted starting from ideological, political, economic, socio-cultural development as well as defense and security development in the social gatra. This condition proves that the problem of corruption must be found the latest solution, so that the problem of corruption, which has been very structured systematically and very massively, has the best solution. With anti-corruption education, the next generation of the nation will understand the problem of corruption earlier and not carry out these depraved activities like what the previous generation did. Anticorruption education not only provides knowledge, but also changes the thinking patterns of paradigms and behaviors of students to apply the principles of a good life. The effect of instilling anticorruption values will be felt for a long time, the process is not instantaneous, it will be felt when the children who get this education are already big and take a social role and are in certain social institutions to jointly tear down the cultural system of corruption. There needs to be more radical and long-term policies. Unnecessary policies must wait for would-be corruptors to commit acts of corruption in order to be sanctioned. But it prevented the creation of new corrupt candidates, long before the action was carried out. For this reason, in its upstream sector, the government takes a stand on preventing corruption. One of them is through anti-corruption education.
Prevention of Corruption Crimes is intended as one of the measures to save state finances from the hands of thieves. In the book "Our Corruption Story", the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) said that corruption prevention can be achieved by studying the motives of corruptors and how corrupt practices occur, it is hoped that an effective prevention formula will emerge. This task is indeed one of the purposes of the existence of the KPK institution as an effort by the state to work hard to limit the wiggle room of corruptors. The firm stance of rejecting gratification is also seen as an effective effort to prevent corruption as stated by Sulistyo. That means a person who refuses a gift to which he is not entitled deserves appreciation because he is also trying to prevent the leakage of state finances.
Determination and personal attitude are also important to avoid the snare of corruption. From these two quotes, it emphasizes the importance of joint efforts to counteract corrupt practices in the country. 3 Unfortunately, Corruption prevention faces obstacles as corruptors attempt in various ways to commit the crime. Power and money are intertwined. A person is given the power to exercise his authority in managing the development fund, but the opposite is true that he abuses the trust, by committing corruption in order to enrich himself. 4 Corruption is not a reality that has a single definition, corruption is multi-interpretive and associated with many activities outside of corruption itself. In the context of politics, for example, corruption is generally seen as an impact of the absence of effective control over power. The absence of control over the executive is what causes the abuse of power. Misappropriation of power will have far-reaching impacts, ranging from the lowest bureaucracy to character assassination among politicians and state officials. In the Indonesian

State of Law
The concept of the state of law is inseparable from its own pillar, namely the understanding of legal sovereignty. This understanding is a teaching that says that the highest power lies in the existence of law or no other power whatsoever, except the law alone. Many formulations are given to the notion of the State of law, but it is difficult to find the same formulation, either because of the differences in the principles of the State of law adopted or because of  (Fadjar, 1993: 16).

Criminal
Criminal acts according to some legal experts have the meaning of acts prohibited by a rule of law prohibitions which are accompanied by threats (sanctions) in the form of certain crimes, for whoever violates the prohibition. It can also be said that a criminal act is an act that by a rule is prohibited and threatened with criminality, as long as it is remembered that prohibition is aimed at an act, that is, a circumstance or event determined by the behavior of people.
Meanwhile, the criminal threat is directed at the person who caused the incident. The definition of criminal acts according to Bambang Purnomo in his book Principles of Criminal Law, which contains criminal acts is a term that contains a basic understanding in criminal law science as a term formed by awareness in giving certain characteristics to criminal law events, criminal acts have an abstract meaning of concrete events in the field of criminal law, so that criminal acts must be given a scientific meaning and clearly defined to be able to separate with terms that are used daily in people's lives. 7

Good governance
Good Governance is governance in a government that includes the use of authority in economic, political, and administrative matters in terms of managing a country at all levels. Krina (2003)

CASES THAT OCCUR IN INDONESIA
Efforts to eradicate corruption cases have been pursued by many parties. In an effort to eradicate corruption cases, the state established an independent institution that specializes in handling corruption cases, namely the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). Some of the curative efforts made by the KPK did provide instant results and had a great deterrent effect, but because the spectrum of corruption behavior is so wide, other efforts are needed to eradicate corruption. Because the problem of corruption in Indonesia is very complex and worrying, it is necessary to eradicate corruption that Anti-Corruption Convention expressly states that one of the effective and optimal efforts in eradicating corruption is to take steps to prevent corruption.
The priority of law enforcement is to first take preventive legal efforts first, and if it is not optimal / there is still a violation of the law, repressive law enforcement is needed. Repressive law enforcement is carried out by law enforcement officials ranging from the police as investigators to the trial process and guidance carried out by prisons.   5. Commencement of the use of national population numbers ; 6. Improving the ability of APFP/SPI in detecting corruption crimes.

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The last effort to eradicate corruption in addition to preventive strategies and detective efforts, there is a Repressive Strategy as a countermeasure to corruption. Repressive strategies are directed at dealing with or processing acts of corruption in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Repressive strategies can be carried

V. HOW CAN THE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE ERADICATE CORRUPTION?
The birth of good governance originated from the fear of some people towards the freedom of action of the acting state in carrying out their duties. In the beginning, this principle was challenged, especially from government officials and employees, because there was a concern that judges, or administrative courts would later use this term to give an assessment of the policies taken by the government.
But those objections have now vanished because they have no relevance anymore.
The corruption is essentially rooted in the misappropriation of power and must be eradicated. It takes high confidence to state that good governance can be one of the efforts to fight corruption. It must be realized that the practice of abuse of authority ultimately gives rise to a tendency to corrupt practices. We certainly agree that corruption will lead to the misuse of very limited national resources. Similarly, if we mismanage resources, then it is certain that the goals to be achieved will disappear or in other words ineffectiveness will occur. Therefore, it is not wrong if one of the characteristics of good governance is manifested in the practice of administering government, the problem of corruption can be minimized.  From the point of view of the necessary legal approach, the legal basis for eradicating corruption in Indonesia can actually be said to be adequate, because a number of anti-corruption laws and regulations have been enacted, among others, as mentioned above. But in practice it turns out that the problem of eradicating corruption is not enough to be implemented only with a purely legal approach, since the disease is already widespread throughout the social and governmental order of almost all countries. Therefore, the approach used is not only solely repressive, but should also be preventive and rehabilitative.
A powerful preventive approach includes creating a healthy work climate within the scope of government tasks, both at the central and regional levels. Without these preventive measures, the eradication of corruption will only succeed in overcoming the "symptoms" and not destroying the root causes and sources of corruption diseases that actually thrive among the people. Effective preventive measures must also be directed at efforts to empower all components in society, both young and old, as well as through judicial institutions and "informal leaders" so that all walks of life have the spirit to hate corruption. This step is expected to create an anti-corruption culture among the wider community. In this case, the paternalistic culture of Indonesian society should not be seen as an obstacle to carrying out the preventive and repressive efforts mentioned above, but must be seen as a potential thing that has high usefulness to eradicate corruption. The trick is to cultivate a good habit of not accepting or asking for "tribute" and must always maintain consistency between attitude and speech. The source of the cause of asking for tribute among government officials is because they have greed or are in religious language, because they are among those who are less or not grateful for the many favors that God almighty has given them. It is different from the act of stealing committed by those at the bottom and is often done in a forced state, because it is only to keep themselves alive. 22 In the context of the relationship between central and regional governments in accordance with Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government and Law Number 35 of 2004 concerning Central and Regional Financial Balance, the concept of good governance as one of the approaches relied on will not be able to guarantee a reduction in corrupt practices, because government officials at the center must first set a good example to regional officials. This is rationally justifiable because of the excesses of central domination as the center of power and money. On the other hand, there is also a concern that with the delegation of authority of part of the central tuga to the regions in accordance with the aforementioned law, the disease of corruption in the center will move to the regions. The anti-corruption movement in state/regional budget management cannot be carried out only by involving budget management officials, but also includes all parties including those responsible for the preparation and implementation of the Management Control System (SPM), internal and community supervision tools. One of the efforts that can be done to eradicate corruption in the management of the state/regional budget is to compile a book on corruption prevention and countermeasures that can be used as a guide for leaders of government agencies and the Government Functional Supervision Apparatus (APFP) in preventing corruption, detecting corruption that occurs and processing corruption acts that have been detected in accordance with applicable legal provisions. These efforts are the minimum efforts that need to be made in the context of eradicating corruption in the field of state/regional budget management, so that to support the spirit of the anti-corruption movement, the necessary development steps are needed in each agency. In general, one of the efforts to prevent corruption can be done by structuring the management control system, namely: 5. Improvement of work methods, infrastructure and facilities; 6. Structuring the recording, reporting and evaluation system so that it can be used as a tool for control and accountability; 7. Increased effectiveness of internal supervision.
Based on the findings of the examination results of the Government Functional Supervision Apparatus (APFP) and the views of the wider community, it is known that corruption that occurs in the management of the state budget includes leaks both on the revenue side and the expenditure side. The leakage that occurs on the revenue side is mainly because not all budget revenues go to the State / Regional Cash Account, while on the expenditure side it occurs due to budget expenditures that are greater than the amount they should be. Control on the revenue budget side is carried out as follows: 5. All state/local budget revenues must be fully and timely deposited into the State/Regional Treasury Account; and reported to the relevant authorities.
6. State/regional revenues are recorded according to the provisions set by the Minister of Finance/Regional Head; 7. The sale of State/Regional Property must be based on the Decree of the Minister of Finance and the rental of State/Regional Property must be based on the Decree of the authorized official in accordance with applicable regulations; 8. The treasurer of the State/Regional levy recipient shall deposit into the State/Regional Treasury Account all budget receipts collected by him at the first opportunity in accordance with applicable regulations; 9. The receiving treasurer is prohibited from keeping money in his possession in the name of a person, or any other person.

VI. CONCLUSION
Corruption has been occurring in Indonesia for a long time. Practices such as abuse of authority, bribery, giving pelicin money, illegal levies, giving rewards on the basis of collusion and nepotism as well as the use of state money for personal gain, by the public are interpreted as an act of corruption and are considered to be common in the country. Ironically, even though efforts to eradicate it have been carried out for more than four decades, these corrupt practices are still ongoing, and there is even a tendency for the modus operandi to be more sophisticated and organized, making it more difficult to overcome. In addition, with this participation, the community will be more eager to exercise social control over corruption. Community participation in efforts to prevent and eradicate corruption is 264 | Mainstreaming the Position of Media for Good Governance in Combating Corruption in Indonesia manifested in the form of, among others, seeking, obtaining, providing data or information about corruption crimes and the right to submit suggestions and opinions responsibly towards the prevention and eradication of corruption crimes. In accordance with the principle of openness in democracies that give the public the right to obtain true, honest information and discriminatory actions regarding the prevention and eradication of corruption crimes, this Government Regulation regulates the rights and responsibilities of the community in efforts to prevent and eradicate corruption. The history of eradicating corruption in Indonesia is a journey that arises from sinking following the dynamics of developments around it. He cannot be separated from the mixture of people's demands, political needs and business demands, and even international pressures, as well as various other interests. Efforts to realize good governance in Indonesia are a priority in order to create a more prosperous order of society, nation, and state, away from corruption, collusion, and nepotism, because in reality society is far from living decently, corruption is still rampant. However, the struggle in creating a clean government must not stop, it must continue and strive as much as possible until one day it will be felt so dignified a nation that has commitment, responsibility, and self-respect. A powerful preventive approach includes creating a healthy work climate within the scope of government tasks, both at the central and regional levels. Without these preventive measures, the eradication of corruption will only succeed in overcoming the «symptoms» and not destroying the root causes and sources of the disease of corruption that actually thrives among the people. In this case, the paternalistic culture of Indonesian society should not be seen as an obstacle to carrying out the preventive and repressive efforts mentioned above, but should be seen as a potential thing that has high usefulness to eradicate 265 | Indonesia Media Law Review corruption. The source of the cause of asking for tribute among government officials is because they have greed or are in religious language, because they are among those who are less or not grateful for the many favors that God almighty has given them.