This paper deals with the results of karyological studies made on fourteen moss species belonging to the Family Sematophyllaceae, Hypnaceae and Hylocomiaceae. In the mitotic cells of gametophytes the metaphase, anaphase and heteropycnotic chromosomes were observed. Chromosome numbers of the three species, Hypnum plumaeforme var. minus, Isopterygium seligeri and Gollania ruginosa, are reported for the first time by the author. However, those of the two species, Acroporium flagelliferum and Taxiphyllum taxirameum, are different from those reported by previous investigators.
Furthermore, comparing among these karyotypes, the interspecific and intergeneric relations between them, and the aberrations of H- and/or h-chromosome in the course of the karyotypical evolution have been discussed. The karyotypes of these fourteen species are represented as follows:
Sematophyllaceae
Heterophyllium haldanianum K(n)=11=V(H)+2V+3J+4(3v+j)+m(h)
Acroporium flagelliferum K(n)=10=V(H)+2V+3J+3(3v+j)+m(h)
Hypnaceae
Hypnum cupressiforme K(n)=10=V(H)+3V+2J+3(2v+j)+m(h)
H. oldhamii K(n)=6=V(H)+2V+2J+v(h)
H. plumaeforme var. minus K(n)=10=V(H)+3V+2J+(2v+j)+m(h)
Isopterygium seligeri K(n)=11=2V(H)+2V+2J+4(2v+2j)+v(h)
I. pohliacarpum K(n)=12=2V(H)+2V+2J+4(2v+2j)+2m(h)
Taxiphyllum taxirameum K(n)=12=2V(H)+V+J+6(3v+3j)+2m(h)
Ctenidium capillifolium K(n)=11=V(H)+2V+2J+5(3v+2j)+m(h)
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus K(n)=10=V(H)+3V+3J+2(v+j)+(h)
R. triquestrus K(n)=6=V(H)+2V+2J+v(h)
Gollania ruginosa K(n)=10=V(H)+3V+3J+2(v+j)+m(h)
Hylocomiaceae
Hylocomium brevirostre var.
cavifolium K(n)=6=V(H)+2V+2J+j(h)
H. pyrenaicum K(n)=12=2V(H)+3V+3J+2(v+j)+2m(h)