Influence of Cognitive Neural Mechanism on Music Appreciation and Learning

Abstract Based on the related research results of the relationship between cognitive neural mechanism and music in recent years. In this paper, we study the relationship between the cognitive neurons and music from the overlapping and separation of brain neuro-mechanism and the significance of functional relationships between the two. Through analysis, it can be seen that the cognitive neural mechanism has a certain influence on music appreciation and learning and the studies on brain-damaged patients show that the two may have separate and independent neural bases. Finally, we find the influence of sub-consciousness on decision making through the measurement of SCRs (skin conductance responses), and thus propose a decision model modified by subconscious and make an outlook for future research trends.


Introduction
In today's Chinese society, with the development of the economy, more and more children join the amateur learning music team, show that the "Mozart effect" does not exist.
Perhaps the time spent listening to music is too short, and the relationship between music listening and spatial ability is not stable enough. So, can long-term music training affect cognitive ability? Throughout the research of the past ten years, many scholars have done a lot of work in this field.
With the advancement of cognitive neuroscience and the further improvement of the level of brain activity measurement instruments, the application of cognitive neuroscience has also rapidly developed in social, psychological, economic, cultural, commercial and other fields, drawing attention from relevant disciplines [1][2][3] . At present, there are interdisciplinary areas where with clearly defined academic terms, such as neurosociology, neuro-economics and neuromarketing. The cognitive neural mechanism related to music appreciation and learning is shown in Figure 1.
Among the cognitive abilities of human beings, language ability is the most important one that has been studied together with music and has been used to compare with music. Compared with other human cognitive abilities, language and music are improvised.
Their related structures are developed in time.
They are structurally similar and are organized by certain elements according to certain rules [4][5][6] and spoken language has characteristics similar to the pitch in music, which reaches the human perception system in the form of frequency spectrum. Many similarities between language and music make the two objects of comparison for researchers. We can also see many connections between the two in terms of research results of cognitive neuroscience.
In this paper, the authors mainly compare the cognitive neural mechanisms of the two from findings of cognitive neurological researches and discuss the functional relationship between the two from cultural significances.

The separability of cognitive neural mechanism
In cognitive neuroscience, the dual separation method is mainly used for the localization of brain function and the study of complex cognitive function systems. The experimental logic is based on the double dissociation, but has been modified to accommodate cognitive neurological experiments. The experimental logic is as follows: In the brain function localization, there are patients A and B, and the damaged brain parts are different, respectively X and Y, so that both patients can perform two cognitive tasks a and b. If A completes a, it cannot be completed. b, B completes task b and cannot complete task a, then X brain is related to a cognitive function, and Y brain is related to b cognitive function.
The example of the brain mechanism separation experiment on the first floor is also correct, but it does not mean that both patients have to complete the tasks a and b.
The experimental tasks are not necessarily only a and b, and can perform multiple tasks; there are not only two subjects, but also multiple subjects with different brain regions can participate in the experiment.
The research evidences on the overlap of the neural mechanisms of music and language continue to increase, but this connection does not enable us to conclude that music and language share a common neural mechanism.
The studies on the separation of the neural mechanisms of music and language cognition originate from two aspects, on the one hand, studies on the music and language processing of normal people and on the other hand, studies on brain-damaged patients [9] . The

The structural rules of music
Syntax refers to the principle followed by the separation of elements to form a sequence, including multiple levels, such as word formation, rules of phrase formation and rules of sentence building in the language and rules of chords, chord-sequence and musical scales in music. See Figure 3.
Syntax enables the brain to transform the input information so that these separate elements grouped together in hierarchical relationships can convey specific information [11] . In language, the general form of expression of information through syntax is "who did what to whom"; while in music, the information conveyed through syntax is reflected by rhythm variation between tension and relaxation. These  Expression of meaning and exchange of information is the most basic function of a language, but it is still not clear whether music can convey meaning. A lot of linguists believe that music does not have the function of expressing specific meanings [12] , but music theorists believe that composers express their thoughts through music and the meaning conveyed by music is an integral part of music. Some modules, such as encoding of tunes and analysis of melodic contours, are considered to be exclusively for music processing and some modules are shared by music and language. However, the model still needs support from more well-defined amusia cases and fMRI data.
The process of music processing is shown in

Basic principles
Changes in blood flow in the brain and changes in the magnetic field of oxygenation of haemoglobin with high spatial precision, but the scanning time is in seconds and it is impossible to accurately record brain activity in shorter time The neurons in the brain area are discharged with high time accuracy.
Only the brain surface electrical signals are recorded and it is difficult to trace the source accurately.

Lab environment
The subjects lay flat in a claustrophobic space, with high magnetic fields, high psychological pressure, and few repetitions of experiments.
Ordinary quiet area, relaxed and stress-free, repeated test times, if you only measure EEG, you can measure as needed in any field environment Popularity High price, inconvenience, large size, fixed Cheap, easy to use, small size, portable Easily accessible Easy to get image results of active brain areas, analysis is relatively simple Not easy to get a significant waveform Controllable and automatic processing, interactions between cognitive and affective systems among the processing units (arrows). The solid black box indicates that the processing unit is exclusive to music processing. It is unclear whether the 3 processing units of "emotional expression analysis", "rhythm analysis" and "beat analysis" in italics are exclusive to music processing.

Data analysis
The two major methods of cognitive neuroscience related experiments are: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERP) measured by EEG. The relationship between them is shown in Table 1.
The introduction of cognitive neuroscience in the field of music is clearly to further uncover the fundamental mysteries of music appreciation and learning, that is, to study the inner mechanisms of the brain's ability to produce some kind of music appreciation and to reveal the "black box" between the outside stimulus or the introspection and the behaviour. In terms of research methods, the cognitive neural mechanism follows the experimental characteristics of neurobiology and further inherits the central idea of experimental economics. The main content is to observe and measure the basic rules of human brain activity in making music decisions and to discover the neural mechanism of a certain type of economic behaviour. The experimental model of cognitive neural mechanism and music appreciation is shown in Table 2.
In this paper, through the measurement of SCRs (skin conductance responses), the authors find the influence of sub-consciousness on decision making and thus propose a decision model modified by subconscious. In addition to "rationality strategies" and "rational choices for future results" and other factors affecting decision making, "unconscious bias (subconscious) before similar situational perceptions" also influences decision making through two types of approaches: the first is to influence decision making indirectly through "rationality strategies" and "rational choices for future results" and the second is to influence decision making directly. And these processes of influence are confirmed by behavioural research combined with measurement of changes in SCRs. The cognitive neural mechanism decision-making process of music appreciation and learning is shown in Figure 5.
In order to better study the model of influence of cognitive neural mechanism on music appreciation and learning, we use eventrelated potentials (ERPs) measured by EEG to analyse the error related negativity (ERN) in the anterior cingulate cortex region of the brain during music appreciation. In this study, we find that the effects of cognitive neural mechanism have a greater effect on music appreciation and learning and the ERN resulted is more intense.
The specific results are shown in Figure 6.

Conclusions
In this paper, we study the relationship between the cognitive neurons and music from the overlapping and separation of brain neuromechanism and the significance of functional relationships between the two. Through analysis, it can be seen that the cognitive neural mechanism has a certain influence on music appreciation and learning and the studies on