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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter February 14, 2024

Different modulation schemes for direct and external modulators based on various laser sources

  • Hazem M. El-Hageen , P.G. Kuppusamy , Aadel M. Alatwi , M. Sivaram , Z. Ahamed Yasar EMAIL logo and Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed

Abstract

Different types of laser source modulation techniques have been used in various applications depending on the objective. As optical systems extract the laws and the best solutions from experiments and simulations, the present study uses simulation software with different modulation types so the output signals can be compared. The modulators used are Mach-Zehnder, which is an external modulator, and electro-absorption modulator and laser rate equation modulator, which are direct modulators. All these types have an optical link multimode (MM) fiber with a photodiode in the receiver end that can be modeled. The input and output signals are analyzed using different types of modulations.


Corresponding author: Z. Ahamed Yasar, Department of ECE, Sri Krishna College of Technology, Coimbatore, India, E-mail:

  1. Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2019-07-21
Accepted: 2020-05-14
Published Online: 2024-02-14

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