Abstract
The development of electrochemical DNA sensors and aptasensors based on nanoparticles different in nature, size, shape, and preparation protocols has been considered with particular emphasis to the mechanism of their influence on signal readout and way of implementation in the biosensor assembly. Most attention is paid to application of Au nanoparticles and carbonaceous nanomaterials though the examples of other applications and hybrid nanomaterials are given. The analytical performance of DNA sensors and aptasensors utilizing nanomaterials is classified in accordance with their targets and role of nanoparticles in sensitivity and selectivity of the response. The trends of future progress in the biochemical applications of nanomaterials are discussed.
