Abstract
Conductometric assessment of electrolyte leakage from spring barley plant organs subjected to higher cadmium concentrations 10-2 – 10-4 mol l-1 revealed serious tissue damage. Therefore plants were grown under controlled environment conditions in a phytotron in Knop´s nutrient solution in two variants – the control variant without cadmium and experimental variant treated during the growth of plants with CdCl2 solution of 10-5 mol l-1. Barley plants were then separated into roots, residual caryopses, leaf bases, and leaves. Lyophilized samples were analyzed for the uptake and redistribution of cadmium, calcium, copper, iron, zinc, and manganese in plant organs by spectrometric methods. Cadmium caused significant decrease of calcium and manganese levels in all analyzed plant parts indicating that cadmium was a distinctive antagonist to intake of these metals. Cadmium treatment also lowered amounts of zinc and iron in roots. An opposite trend was characteristic for Cu, where Cd stress caused significant Cu increase and retention in roots and significant decrease in leaves. The combined usage of the electroanalytical technique - conductometry and spectrometric methods (ICP-OES, AAS) proved to be a useful tool for monitoring of tissue damage and intake and transfer of cadmium and macro- and microelements into barley organs.
Graphical Abstract
References
[1] Fitter A.H., Hay R.K.M., Environmental Physiology of Plants, 3rd Edition, Academic Press, London, 2002 Search in Google Scholar
[2] Levitt J., Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses, Vol. 2 Water, Radiation, Salt and Other Stresses, Academic Press, New York, 1980 Search in Google Scholar
[3] Kocheva K., Lambrev P., Georgiev G., Goltsev V., Karabaliev M., Evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence and membrane injury in the leaves of barley cultivars under osmotic stress, Bioelectrochemistry, 2004, 63, 121-124 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.09.020Search in Google Scholar
[4] Dexter S.T., Tottingham W.E., Graber L.F., Preliminary results in measuring the hardiness of plants, Plant Physiol., 1930, 5, 215-223 10.1104/pp.5.2.215Search in Google Scholar
[5] Kocheva K.V., Georgiev G.I., Kochev V.K., A diffusion approach to the electrolyte leakage from plant tissues, Physiol. Plant., 2005, 125, 1-9 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00533.xSearch in Google Scholar
[6] Bajji M., Kinet J., Lutts S., The use of the electrolyte leakage method for assessing cell membrane stability as a water stress tolerance test in durum wheat, Plant Growth Regul., 2001, 36, 61-70 10.1023/A:1014732714549Search in Google Scholar
[7] Prášil I., Zámečník J., The use of a conductivity measurement method for assessing freezing injury. 1. Influence of leakage time, segment number, size and shape in a sample on evaluation of the degree of injury, Environ. Exp. Bot., 1998, 40, 1-10 10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00010-0Search in Google Scholar
[8] Nan Z., Li J., Zhang J., Cheng G., Cadmium and zinc interactions and their transfer in soil-crop system under actual field conditions, Sci. Total Environ., 2002, 285, 187- 195 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00919-6Search in Google Scholar
[9] Zhang L., Chen Z., Zhu C., Endogenous nitric oxide mediates alleviation of cadmium toxicity induced by calcium in rice seedlings, J. Environ. Sci., 2012, 24, 940-948 10.1016/S1001-0742(11)60978-9Search in Google Scholar
[10] Tian, S., Lu, L., Zhang, J., Wang, K., Brown, P., He, Z., Liang, J., Yang, X., Calcium protects roots of Sedum alfredii H. against cadmium-induced oxidative stress. Chemosphere, 2011, 84, 63-69 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.054Search in Google Scholar
[11] Cherif, J., Mediouni, C., Ammar, W.B., Jemal, F., Interactions of zinc and cadmium toxicity in their effects on growth and in antioxidative systems in tomato plants. J. Environ. Sci., 2011, 23, 837-844 10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60415-9Search in Google Scholar
[12] Flint H.L., Boyce B.R., Beattie D.J., Index of injury – a useful expression of freezing injury to plant tissues as determined by the electrolytic method, Can. J. Plant Sci., 1967, 47, 229- 230 10.4141/cjps67-043Search in Google Scholar
[13] Azevedo H., Pinto C.G., Santos C., Cadmium effects in sunflower: membrane permeability and changes in catalase and peroxidase activity in leaves and calluses, J. Plant Nutr., 2005, 28, 2233- 2241 10.1080/01904160500324816Search in Google Scholar
[14] Belkhadi A., Hediji H., Abbes Z., Nouairi I., Barhoumi, Z., Zarrouk, M., Chaibi W., Djebali, W., Effects of exogenous salicylic acid pre-treatment on cadmium toxicity and leaf lipid content in Linum usitatissimum L., Ecotox. Environ. Safe , 2010, 73, 1004-1011 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.03.009Search in Google Scholar
[15] Rodríguez-Serrano M., Romero-Puertas M.C., Pazmiño D.M., Testillano P.S., Risueño M.C., del Río L.A., Sandalio L.M., Cellular response of pea plants to cadmium toxicity: cross talk between reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and calcium. Plant Physiol. 2009, 150, 229–243 10.1104/pp.108.131524Search in Google Scholar
[16] Lu L.L., Tian S.K., Zhang M., Zhang J., Yang X.E., Jiang H., The role of Ca pathway in Cd uptake and translocation by the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. J. Hazard Mater., 2010, 183, 22–28 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.036Search in Google Scholar
[17] Kudo H., Kudo K., Ambo H., Uemura M., Kawai S., Cadmium sorption to plasma membrane isolated from barley roots is impeded by copper association onto membranes. Plant Sci., 2011, 180, 300-305 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.09.008Search in Google Scholar
[18] Pilon M., Abdel-Ghany S.E., Cohu C.M., Gogolin K.A., Ye H., Copper cofactor delivery in plant cells. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 2006, 9, 256-263. 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.03.007Search in Google Scholar
[19] Liu J., Cao C., Wong M., Zhang Z., Chai Y., Variation between rice cultivars in iron and manganese plaque on roots and the relation with plant cadmium uptake. J. Environ. Sci., 2010, 22, 1067-1072 10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60218-7Search in Google Scholar
[20] Nan Z., Li J., Zhang J., Cheng G., Cadmium and zinc interactions and their transfer in soil-crop system under actual field conditions. Sci. Total Environ., 2002, 285, 187-195 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00919-6Search in Google Scholar
[21] Chakravarty B., Srivastava S., Effect of cadmium and zinc interaction on metal uptake and regeneration of tolerant plants in linseed. Agric. Ecosys. Environ., 1997, 61, 45-50 10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01078-XSearch in Google Scholar
[22] Pedas P., Schjoerring J.K., Husted S., Identification and characterization of zinc-starvation-induced ZIP transporters from barley roots. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2009, 47, 377-383 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.01.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[23] Hernández L.E., Lozano E., Gárate A., Carpena R., Influence of cadmium on the uptake, tissue accumulation and subcellular distribution of manganese in pea seedlings. Plant Sci., 1998, 132, 139-151 10.1016/S0168-9452(98)00011-9Search in Google Scholar
[24] Martin P., Fareh M., Poggi M.C., Boulukos K.E., Pognonec P., Manganese is highly effective in protecting cells from cadmium intoxication. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006, 351, 294-299 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.035Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[25] Zornoza P., Sánchez-Pardo B., Carpena R.O., Interaction and accumulation of manganese and cadmium in the manganese accumulator Lupinus albus. J. Plant Physiol., 2010, 167, 1027-1032 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.02.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed
©2015 Jaromír Lachman et al.,
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
