VIII.6. Evolution and Conservation

H. Bradley Shaffer

Published by Princeton University Press 2013

VIII.6. Evolution and Conservation

From the book The Princeton Guide to Evolution

H. Bradley Shaffer

https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400848065-107

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From the book

The Princeton Guide to Evolution

Chapters in this book (119)

Frontmatter

Contents

Preface

Contributors

I. Introduction

I.1 What Is Evolution?

I.2. The History of Evolutionary Thought

I.3. The Evidence for Evolution

I.4. From DNA to Phenotypes

II. Phylogenetics and the History of Life

Introduction

II.1. Interpretation of Phylogenetic Trees

II.2. Phylogenetic Inference

II.3. Molecular Clock Dating

II.4. Historical Biogeography

II.5. Phylogeography

II.6. Concepts in Character Macroevolution: Adaptation, Homology, and Evolvability

II.7. Using Phylogenies to Study Phenotypic Evolution: Comparative Methods and Tests of Adaptation

II.8. Taxonomy in a Phylogenetic Framework

II.9. The Fossil Record

II.10. The Origin of Life

II.11. Evolution in the Prokaryotic Grade

II.12. Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

II.13. Major Events in the Evolution of Land Plants

II.14. Major Events in the Evolution of Fungi

II.15. Origin and Early Evolution of Animals

II.16. Major Events in the Evolution of Arthropods

II.17. Major Features of Tetrapod Evolution

II.18. Human Evolution

III. Natural Selection and Adaptation

Introduction

III.1. Natural Selection, Adaptation, and Fitness: Overview

III.2. Units and Levels of Selection

III.3. Theory of Selection in Populations

III.4. Kin Selection and Inclusive Fitness

III.5. Phenotypic Selection on Quantitative Traits

III.6. Responses to Selection: Experimental Populations

III.7. Responses to Selection: Natural Populations

III.8. Evolutionary Limits and Constraints

III.9. Evolution of Modifier Genes and Biological Systems

III.10. Evolution of Reaction Norms

III.11. Evolution of Life Histories

III.12. Evolution of Form and Function

III.13. Biochemical and Physiological Adaptations

III.14. Evolution of the Ecological Niche

III.15. Adaptation to the Biotic Environment

IV. Evolutionary Processes

Introduction

IV.1. Genetic Drift

IV.2. Mutation

IV.3. Geographic Variation, Population Structure, and Migration

IV.4. Recombination and Sex

IV.5. Genetic Load

IV.6. Inbreeding

IV.7. Selfish Genetic Elements and Genetic Conflict

IV.8. Evolution of Mating Systems: Outcrossing versus Selfing

V. Genes, Genomes, Phenotypes

Introduction

V.1. Molecular Evolution

V.2. Genome Evolution

V.3. Comparative Genomics

V.4. Evolution of Sex Chromosomes

V.5. Gene Duplication

V.6. Evolution of New Genes

V.7. Evolution of Gene Expression

V.8. Epigenetics

V.9. Evolution of Molecular Networks

V.10. Evolution and Development: Organisms

V.11. Evolution and Development: Molecules

V.12. Genetics of Phenotypic Evolution

V.13. Dissection of Complex Trait Evolution

V.14. Searching for Adaptation in the Genome

V.15. Ancient DNA

VI. Speciation and Macroevolution

Introduction

VI.1. Species and Speciation

VI.2. Speciation Patterns

VI.3. Geography, Range Evolution, and Speciation

VI.4. Speciation and Natural Selection

VI.5. Speciation and Sexual Selection

VI.6. Gene Flow, Hybridization, and Speciation

VI.7. Coevolution and Speciation

VI.8. Genetics of Speciation

VI.9. Speciation and Genome Evolution

VI.10. Adaptive Radiation

VI.11. Macroevolutionary Rates

VI.12. Macroevolutionary Trends

VI.13. Causes and Consequences of Extinction

VI.14. Species Selection

VI.15. Key Evolutionary Innovations

VI.16. Evolution of Communities

VII. Evolution of Behavior, Society, and Humans

Introduction

VII.1 Genes, Brains, and Behavior

VII.2. Evolution of Hormones and Behavior

VII.3. Game Theory and Behavior

VII.4. Sexual Selection and Its Impact on Mating Systems

VII.5. Sexual Selection: Male-Male Competition

VII.6. Sexual Selection: Mate Choice

VII.7. Evolution of Communication

VII.8. Evolution of Parental Care

VII.9. Cooperation and Conflict: Microbes to Humans

VII.10. Cooperative Breeding

VII.11. Human Behavioral Ecology

VII.12. Evolutionary Psychology

VII.13. Evolution of Eusociality

VII.14. Cognition: Phylogeny, Adaptation, and By-Products

VII.15. Evolution of Apparently Nonadaptive Behavior

VII.16. Aging and Menopause

VIII. Evolution and Modern Society

Introduction

VIII.1. Evolutionary Medicine

VIII.2. Evolution of Parasite Virulence

VIII.3. Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

VIII.4. Evolution and Microbial Forensics

VIII.5. Domestication and the Evolution of Agriculture

VIII.6. Evolution and Conservation

VIII.7. Directed Evolution

VIII.8. Evolution and Computing

VIII.9. Linguistics and the Evolution of Human Language

VIII.10. Cultural Evolution

VIII.11. Evolution and Notions of Human Race

VIII.12. The Future of Human Evolution

VIII.13. Evolution and Religion

VIII.14. Creationism and Intelligent Design

VIII.15. Evolution and the Media

Index