| Abstract |
本研究では，縄文時代の人々とは大きく異なる顔面形質を有するとされ，しかし，1989年以降その地域性に関して網羅的な検討がなされていない北部九州・山口地域の弥生時代人骨の頭蓋形質の地域性に関する検討を行った．1953年に山口県土井ヶ浜遺跡と佐賀県三津永田遺跡の発掘によって弥生時代の人骨が発見され，金関丈夫はこれらの資料をもとに，「渡来説」を提唱した．縄文時代人骨と比べると大きく異なる特徴をもつ北部九...州・山口地域の弥生時代人骨の形質の由来や拡散過程，地域性を明らかにすることは自然人類学史上重要な課題である．しかし，1989年に弥生人について網羅的にまとめられて以降，頭蓋形質，特に顔面部の地域性に関する検討は西北九州と南九州，そして北部九州・山口地域という明確に形質の異なる３地域にわけた比較のみが行われてきた．その結果，縄文時代の人々と形質が大きく異なる点が強調され，北部九州・山口地域一帯に均質な形質を有する「渡来人」が出現するイメージが形成されつつある．そこで弥生時代の北部九州・山口地域内の頭蓋形質，特に顔面部の形質についてその地域性と個体の形質の地域差について再検討を行った．本研究の結果，縄文時代の津雲・吉胡や西北九州の弥生時代人骨と比べると男女ともに北部九州・山口地域の人々は共通して高顔傾向が強い集団であること，響灘沿岸部はその中ではやや高顔傾向が弱く，北部九州地域内においても若干の地域性が存在することが明らかとなった． 個体レベルでの分析を行うと高顔な個体と低顔な個体はいずれの地域のどの時期においても存在すること，北部九州地域の縄文時代人骨や西北九州地域弥生時代人骨と比べると形質のヴァリエーションが豊富であることがわかった．考古学や古DNA 分析の結果をふまえると，列島の在来の人と渡来人との混血と急激な人口増加によっていわゆる渡来的弥生人は生じており，その混血の結果、本研究で示された形質的ヴァリエーションが生じたのではないかと考えられる．その観点から考えるとこれまで在来系と強調されてきた新町遺跡においても混血が進んでいた可能性が指摘できる．
In this study, I examined the regional characteristics of the cranial features of human remains from the Yayoi period in the northern Kyushu-Yamaguchi region, which are considered to have facial features very different from those of the Jomon period, but which have not been comprehensively examined in terms of their regional characteristics since 1989. In 1953, excavations at the Doigahama site in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the Mitsunagata site in Saga Prefecture led to the discovery of human remains from the Yayoi period, and based on these materials, Takeo Kanaseki proposed the “migratory theory”. It is an important subject in the anthropology to clarify the origin, diffusion process, and regional characteristics of human remains from the Yayoi period in the northern Kyushu-Yamaguchi area, which have significantly different characteristics compared to human remains from Jomon period. However, since the comprehensive study of the Yayoi people in 1989, the regional characteristics of cranial traits, especially facial features, have only been compared among three distinctly different regions: northwestern Kyushu, southern Kyushu, and the northern Kyushu-Yamaguchi region. As a result, the image of the emergence of a homogeneous “migrant population” in the Northern Kyushu-Yamaguchi region is being formed, emphasizing the significant differences in traits from those of the Jomon period people. Therefore, it is important to reexamine the regional characteristics of cranial traits, especially facial traits, and the regional differences in individual traits within the northern Kyushu-Yamaguchi area during the Yayoi period. The present study reveals that, compared to the human skeletons of Jomon and the human skeletons of Yayoi in northwestern Kyushu, the yayoi populations of the northern Kyushu and Yamaguchi regions have a strong tendency toward high facial features in both males and females, while the Hibikinada coastal area has weaker tendency toward high facial features. Analysis at the individual reveals that high-faced and low-faced individuals existed at any time an in any region throughout the Yayoi period, and that there was more variation in traits compared to the Jomon period human remains. Based on the results of archaeological and ancient DNA analyses, it is considered that the trait variation shown in this study may have occurred as a result of interbreeding between native and migrant populations. Furthermore, it is suggested that hybridization was also advanced at the Shinmachi site, which has been emphasized as being of native descent.show more
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020_p049