<論説>天正十年代初頭の羽柴秀吉の東国政策をめぐって : 秀吉・家康の『惣無事』を中心に

Abstract

本稿の目的は、天正十年(一五八二) 六月から同十二年七月までの間の羽柴秀吉と徳川家康の関係に留意する形で、秀吉の東国政策の内容や、それを規定した背景を明らかにしようとすることにある。 検討の結果、(1)天正十年六月の本能寺の変後、北条氏の動向に対処すべく、秀吉と家康が提携し、対家康戦開始前の秀吉が徳川攻めを目論んではいなかったこと。(2)天正十年冬以降の秀吉が、家康の取り組む『惣無事』、すなわち織田信長在世時の停戦状態への回帰を掲げて北条方と反北条方の停戦を実現せんとする無事に関与し、北条氏の版図拡大の動きを封じようとしたこと。(3)秀吉の『惣無事』関与後も北条方と反北条方の抗争が続き、結果、関東で新たなる戦争が起こる可能性が浮上したこと。(4)こうした事情や織田信雄の勧誘を背景として、家康が対秀吉戦に踏み切ることなどを明らかにした。

The aim of this article is to clarify the content of Hideyoshi's policy toward the eastern provinces, togoku seisaku, and the background that determined it by focusing on the relationship of Hashiba Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu during the period from the sixth month of Tensho 10 (1582) to the seventh month of Tensho 12 (1584). As a result of this study, following four points have been clarified. First, following the assassination of Nobunaga in the Honnoji Incident of the sixth month of Tensho 10, Hideyoshi and leyasu cooperated in response to the actions of the Hojo, and Hideyoshi made no plan to attack the Tokugawa prior to the opening of hostilities at the Battle of Komaki. Second, after the winter of Tensho 10, Hideyoshi attempted to implement a sobuji, general truce, involving Ieyasu by reviving the truce between the Hojo and anti-Hojo forces that had been instituted by Oda Nobunaga as a way to check the expansion of the Hojo. Third, despite Hideyoshi's attempt at instituting a general truce, the struggle between the Hojo and anti-Hojo forces continued and as a result the opportunity for intervention by the Tokugawa forces in Kanto arose. Fourth, Ieyasu initiated hostilities against Hideyoshi on the basis of these circumstances and the inducement of Oda Nobukatsu.