Open Access, Peer-reviewed
pISSN 2288-2405
eISSN 2288-2413
    Brain Tumor Res Treat. 2022 Mar;10:S278. English.
    Published online Mar 15, 2022.
    https://doi.org/10.14791/btrt.2022.10.F-2662
    Copyright © 2022 The Korean Brain Tumor Society, The Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology, and The Korean Society for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology
    Original Article

    Cellular expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the peripheral blood d associated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) but does not predict its survival: prospective study at the National Cancer Center Dharmais Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia

    Rini Andriani,1,3 Siti Nadliroh,1 Muhammad Al Azhar,1 and Siswanto Agus Wilopo2
      • 1Department of Neurology, National Cancer Center Dharmais Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
      • 2Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Indonesia.
      • 3Department of Neurology, University of Tarumanagara, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia.

    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Abstract

    Background

    Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is associated with GBM. The aim of this study to explore roles of PD-L1 in GBM and its survival for brain tumor patients.

    Methods

    During May 2017 to May 2020, we followed 24 patients with GBM and 12 patients with non-GBM at Dharmais Hospital, Jakarta. Peripheral blood samples of these 35 brain tumor patients were subjected to PD-L1 expression determined by real time polymerase chain reaction and then classified as low and high levels. Patients were grouped according to their sex and age. Multiple logistic regression discriminates between GBM and non-GBM according to their sex, age, and PD-L1 expression. We used Kaplan and Meier to show survival curve. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate as measure of predictor of survival.

    Results

    Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) of male and age greater than 35 years old for having GBM and their 95% confidence interval (CI) are 4.2 [0.94–19.26] and 6.3 [0.94–41.97] respectively. These numbers are barely significant with p-values 0.068 and 0.058. Unadjusted OR for high level of PD-L1 expression for GBM is 2.17 [0.033–4.66] or statistically is not-significant. After all variables are adjusted in the model, ORs (95% CI) for sex, age, and of PD-L1 expression are 5.4 [0.87–33.99], 5.66 [0.73–44.00], and 4.97 [0.70–35.20]. Kaplan-Meier suggests that GBM has lower survival compared with non-GBM. Similarly, male and age 35 years or more have lower survival. However, Cox regression with all variables in the model suggests that PD-L1 expression is not predictor for survival of GBM and non-GBM.

    Conclusion

    Male, age above 35 years older, and high level of PD-L1 expression are associated with having GBM but are not predictor of survival of GBM. Higher sample size will increase their statistically significant findings.

    Keywords
    GBM; PD-L1; survival of brain tumor; Indonesia

    Metrics
    Share
    PERMALINK