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Changes on physio-chemical properties of oak sawdust during fermentation

참나무류 톱밥의 발효기간 중 물리화학적 특성 변화

  • Koo, Chang-Duck (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Sun-Jeong (Division of Forest Environment, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Hwa-Yong (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Yong-Woo (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Hee-Su (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Je-Su (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2014.07.22
  • Accepted : 2014.09.22
  • Published : 2014.09.30

Abstract

Changes in physical and chemical properties of oak sawdust were investigated by depth and time for 46 days during the fermentation process of 33 tons of the sawdust for oak mushroom cultivation. The degrees of change in the properties of the sawdust differed depending on the depth and fermentation period. Most of the physical-chemical properties except temperature and pH gradually changed during the fermentation. The temperature change was highly sensitive to the environment at the surface sawdust to 20 cm depth, while it gradually increased to the maximum $58.9^{\circ}C$ at 40~100 cm depths in 12 days and slowly to the maximum at 150 cm depth in 24 days. The moisture content of the sawdust decreased gradually from 31% to 26.5~28.0% in 24 days. Of the chemical properties during the fermentation, pH generally rose from 5.2 to 5.6, but it decreased to 4.4~4.7 at 150 cm depth in 16 days. While the carbon content of the sawdust was 68~70% without significant change, nitrogen content increased from 0.22% to 0.25% and thus C/N ratio gradually lowered from 320 to 280. P content in the sawdust gradually increased from 0.005% to 0.022% for 46 days. Osmotic concentration of the hot water extract of the sawdust varied 41.5~44.2 mmol/kg without significant change by the depth and time. The starch particles within initial ray parenchyma cells of sawdust decreased and fungal hyphae formed on the surface of the sawdust granules and within xylem vessel cells in 35 days. The effect of the sawdust fermentation on oak mushroom cultivation needs continued research.

표고 재배에 이용되는 참나무 톱밥의 발효과정에서 물리화학적 특성변화를 알기 위하여 참나무 톱밥 33 ton을 적재하고, 46일 동안 기간별로 깊이별로 변화를 조사하였다. 톱밥의 물리화학적 특성은 발효기간과 적재 깊이에 따라 변화정도가 달랐다. 대부분의 물리-화학적 성질은 발효 동안 점진적으로 변화하였지만, 온도는 기간과 깊이에 따라 다르게 변하였다. 톱밥의 온도는 표면 20 cm 깊이는 환경에 따라 민감하게 변하는데 비하여, 40~100 cm 깊이에서는 점진적으로 변하여 적재 12일 만에 $3^{\circ}C$에서 최고온도 $58.9^{\circ}C$에 도달하였고, 150 cm 깊이에서는 24일 만에 최고온도에 도달하였다. 수분함량은 발효 24일 만에 초기 31%에서 26.5~28.0%로 점진적으로 감소하였다. 발효기간 중 톱밥의 화학성을 보면, pH는 대체로 5.2에서 5.6으로 점진적으로 상승하였으나, 150 cm 깊이에서만은 16일만에 4.4~4.7로 낮아졌다. 톱밥의 탄소함량은 68~70%로 변화가 적은데 비하여, 질소함량은 0.22%에서 0.25%로 점진적으로 상승하여 C/N비는 320에서 280으로 낮아졌다. 톱밥의 P함량은 0.005%에서 46일째 0.022%로 점진적으로 증가하였다. 톱밥의 열수추출액 삼투압 농도는 41.5~44.2 mmol/kg로 적재 깊이에 따른 차이는 없었다. 초기 톱밥의 방사유세포에는 전분 입자가 존재하고 도관에는 균사가 없었으나, 발효 35일 후에는 세포 내 전분입자는 소수 남았고, 톱밥입자의 표면과 목질부 도관 내에는 균사가 생장하였다. 톱밥발효가 표고재배에 미치는 영향은 차후 계속적인 연구가 필요하다.

Keywords

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  1. Cultivation Processes and Yield of Lentinula edodes on Surface Sawdust Bed vol.104, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2015.104.3.434