Folia Parasitologica 64:029 (2017) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2017.029

Echinococcus multilocularis vesicular fluid inhibits activation and proliferation of natural killer cells

Anne-Pauline Bellanger^1,2, Valentine Mougey¹, Jean-René Pallandre³, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore⁴, Yann Godet³, Laurence Millon^1,2

¹ Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital, Besançon, France;

² Chrono-Environnement CNRS 6249 Research Team, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France;

³ INSERM Unit 1098, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France;

⁴ Infection Control Department, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France

Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe chronic helminthic disease that mimics slow-growing liver cancer. The immune evasion strategy of Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the impact of E. multilocularis vesicular fluid (Em-VF) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and on natural killer (NK) cells. PBMC and NK cells were exposed to Em-VF (1 µg/ml) during six days. The effect of Em-VF was assessed on CD69, viability and proliferation, and on and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interleukin 10, using flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Exposure to Em-VF had no bearing on PBMC's viability, proliferation and expression of CD69. In contrast, higher levels of IL-17 at day three and of TGF-β at day six were observed in PBMC supernatant after exposure to Em-VF (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Exposure to Em-VF induced a significant decrease of CD69 expression of NK cells at day three and a significant decrease of proliferation of NK cells at day six (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). In contrast, NK cells viability and levels of cytokines did not vary significantly over Em-VF stimulation. Exposure to Em-VF had a significant bearing on activation and proliferation of NK cells. NK cells may play an important role in the immune response of the host against E. multilocularis.

Keywords: NK cells, alveolar echinococcosis, immune response, CD69

Received: March 3, 2017; Accepted: August 5, 2017; Published online: August 25, 2017  Show citation