YIELD AND BIOMETRY OF FERTILIZED SUGAR CANE WITH ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AND BIOSTIMULANT RENDIMENTO E BIOMETRIA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR FERTILIZADA COM FERTILIZANTE ORGANOMINERAL DE LODO DE ESGOTO E BIOESTIMULANTE

The dependence of mineral fertilizers, increasingly, has brought concern facing the increased demand and because it is a non-renewable mineral resource. The organic fertilization, exclusively, it is impractical in large scale, however, the combination of organic and mineral sources have already proved to be feasible, both from the point of view of nutrition of plants as well as in the aspect of recycling of urban and industrial waste by agriculture. This research had as objective to determine the efficiency of a organomineral fertilizer formulated on the basis of sewage sludge in substitution of mineral fertilizer in the cultivation of sugar cane in environments with different levels of soil fertility. An experiment was conducted in greater soil fertility, in the Institute Federal Goiano– Campus, Morrinhos-GO, Brazil. The other, less soil fertility, was implanted in the ethanol industry Tijuco Valley, located in Rio do Peixe, district of Prata-MG, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial 5 x 2 +1 being five doses, with and without a biostimulant plus an additional with mineral fertilization, in four replications. The doses were in function of fertilization recommendation of planting and coverage for each environment, consisting of: 100 % of the mineral source and percentage 0; 60; 80; 100 and 120 % of organomineral fertilizer. We evaluated the productivity, tillering, diameter and height of stem in Prata-MG the different percentages of the fertilization of planting favored and increased productivity, height and stem diameter of sugar cane; the use of biostimulants not contributed to increase crop yield. In Morrinhos-GO, the different percentage of planting fertilization did not increase the productivity, tillering, height and diameter of the sugarcane stem; the use of biostimulants increases the productivity yield of sugarcane. Organomineral fertilizer based on biosolids is similar to fertilization with mineral fertilizer in environments.


INTRODUCTION
Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugar cane (Saccharum spp L.), with an expectation around 8.84 million hectares for the 2017/2018 season, with an average yield of 73,728 kg ha -1 , it is expected a production of approximately 646.4 million tonnes (CONAB, 2017). The world sugar production for 2017/18 is estimated at 179.6 million tonnes, having as main producers as in Brazil, India, European Union (sugar beet), Thailand, China and the United States (USDA, 2017).
The cost of fertilizers will be a concern in the future due the grown of demands and by the dependence on non-renewable sources (CÁNOVAS et al., 2018), the dependence on imports of thosenon-renewable sources of nutrients increases the cost of production of sugar cane. The use of biofertilizer has aroused great expectations and concerning about its efficiency, economy, sustainability (RADY, 2012;KULIKOWSKA;GUSIATIN, 2015;LIANG et. al., 2014). Because of the dependence of organic fertilizer source, the biofertilizer opens the possibilities for the recycling of nutrients to the use of sewage sludge (DEEKS et al., 2013). On the cultivation of sugar cane is economically and environmentally important meet the requirement on sustainable actions. Studies of the influence of nitrogen through the use of biofertilizers are being carried out on the culture of sugar cane (DEEKS et al., 2013).
The biofertilizer is gradually being assessed in different cultures and environmental conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that the culture of sugar cane can respond positively to this type of fertilizer, overcoming the traditional mineral fertilizers (TEIXEIRA; SOUZA; KORNDÖRFER, 2014). Ramos et al. (2017) recommend the fertilization with organomineral fertilizer for sugar cane affirming this can replace the mineral fertilizer. There are also reports that the biofertilizer has similar efficiency compared to synthetic fertilizers (SATTOLO et al., 2017). All of this ensures that there is a need for further research. The organomineral fertilizers are an alternative to mineral fertilizers, with the advantage of using environmental liabilities on its composition from productive chains that previously did not have a correct destination as animal manure and trash of agribusiness, as the filter cake.
The processes of sewage treatment aims at separating the solid part of the liquid, so that the treated effluent can return to the receiving bodies without causing damage to the environment (CORRÊA; FONSECA; CORRÊA, 2007). In this process, the sludge becomes rich in organic matter and nutrients, thus being considered as a bioproduct of treatment (BETTIOL et al., 2006). When this residue is treated for later use in agriculture as fertilizer, it is renamed as a biosolid created by the Water Enviromental 10 Federation (WEF), with the main objective of increasing the diffusion of the knowledge of the benefits of this material (PIRES; MATTIAZZO, 2008).
The biosolid is a solid residue resulting of slush from municipal sewage treatments-ETE (YILMAZ; WZOREK; AKÇAY, 2018). The total production of sewage sludge on european the countries in the year 2015 ranged between 1.94 (EUROSTAT, 2017) and 0.94 (DEEKS et al., 2013) billion tons. The biosolids is composed of organic matter, nutrients and some potentially toxic elements (YILMAZ; WZOREK; AKÇAY, 2018). It is important to give a correct destination to the residue, especially from an environmental point of view. Thus, the use of biosolids in agriculture stands out as a viable practice on the environmental point of view, social, economic and agronomic (DEEKS et al., 2013). Resende Júnior et al. (2016) concluded that the organomineral fertilizer, the basis of biosolids, has agronomic benefits that may produce social and environmental gains with less impact on public health. Some additional technologies have been used in agriculture to increase the quantity and quality of crops. Biostimulants are natural or synthetic substances that can be applied directly to plants to alter their vital and structural processes. Its increase can improve the production and quality of crops of economic interest (SILVA; CATO; COSTA, 2010; FERREIRA; FERREIRA; BOLONHEZI, 2013). The application of biostimulants improves the hormonal balance of the plant, reducing the susceptibility to stresses (SHARMA et al., 2016). These are products that has great potential for use in agriculture. There are many substances that con produce these products, mainly plant hormones such as gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and other analogous (SILVA; CATO; COSTA, 2010) in addition to elements such as silicon considered a fertilizer (SAVVAS;NTATSI, 2015).
The efficiency and productivity of sugar cane, as well as other crops, are dependent of sufficient quantity and good balance of nutrients on the soil. Fertilizers which its basis are sewage sludge supplemented with mineral fertilizers are alternatives that ensure that need. Chiba, Mattiazzo and Oliveira (2009) studied the mineral fertilization and fertilization with sewage sludge. They observed the better productivity with mineral fertilizer alone. There is also an increase of productivity using only sewage sludge (8.2 t ha -1 ) on the furrow at planting compared to absence of fertilizer.
The objective was to evaluate the yield and the biometrics of the sugar cane cultivated with mineral fertilizer and organomineral the basis of biosolids, on the presence and absence of Biostimulant.

Experiment in Morrinhos-GO
The first experiment was carried out at Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Morrinhos Goiás, Brazil, located at coordinates 17º 48' 33.7'' S and 49º 12' 19.9'' W, at an altitude of 900 meters. The soil is classified as a dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol (RYLd) (EMBRAPA, 2013). Meteorological data were collected by the meteorological station of the Campus Morrinhos-GO ( Figure 1).
Since fifteen years was cultivated corn and soybeans in alternate years on this area, leaving aside in the remaining months of the year, in all seasons. Samples were taken from soil at depths of 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm ( Table 1).
Were sown 30 kg ha -1 of seeds of Crotalaria juncea, and the intense flowering to 90 days after sowing was performed the cut. After four months of preparing the soil became with the desiccation of 3.0 L ha -1 of glyfhosate and 1.0 L ha -1 of 2, 4-D. The furrows for planting were opened by a track opener with opening of the rod 52 to 82 cm and 50 cm in height. In June 2015 were planted billets from cultivar RB 92579 with 15 to 18 viable buds metro -1 at a depth of 30 cm. The planting fertilization was 470 kg ha -1 formulation 04-21-07 and coverage of 400 kg ha -1 of 07-00-28 + 0.7% of B to 150 days after planting (DAP) (ALVAREZ et al., 1999).    The cultivated pasture area presented signs of degradation. The result of sampling and chemical analysis at depths of 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm is represented in Table 1. The soil is sandy with 18.5 % of clay, silt 9.5 % and 72.0 % of sand. The liming was performed with 2.4 t ha -1 of dolomitic lime. He became a plowing with moldboard plow with a cutting width of 28.8 cm spaced 81 cm and later leveling the soil with harrow disc 36 x 22". It was planted from 15 to 18 meter viable buds through seedlings at depths of 30 to 40 cm deep. The experiment was established in May 2015, using the cultivar RB 92 579. The fertilization recommendation of planting was 570 kg ha -1 formulation 04-21-07 and coverage of 570 kg ha -1 of 07-00-28 + 0.7% of B to 150 DAP (ALVAREZ et al., 1999).
The Organomineral fertilizer was produced from sewage sludge sanitized extracted from sewage treatment station of the Municipal Department of Water and Sewage from the city of Uberlandia-MG. The sewer was centrifuged separating the solids. The sewage sludge contains 70% moisture and 30 % solids. The sewage sludge, when damp went through chemical treatment incorporating whith 30% of hydrated lime on the solid part exists in the centrifuged. After incorporate it with the use of concrete mixer, the material was packaged in rectangular galvanized zinc containers (30 x 30 x 100 cm). These were covered by a transparent canvas and exposed to sunlight and ultra violet rays for 15 consecutive days. Subsequently, withdrew the canvas were leaved to dry in the sun until approximately 30 days, stabilizing at 20 % of moisture. The chemical characterization of biosolids was performed according to Embrapa (2011) (Table  2).
Based on the chemical composition of biosolids and the requirement of planting fertilization was mixed forming the formulation 04-21-07. Was mixed if 39.3 % of biosolids, 12.2 % of bran potassium chloride (58 % K 2 O), 47 % of monoamônico phosphate (12 % and 44 % of P 2 O 5 ) and 1.5 % of water. For the fertilization of coverage (formulation 07-00-28 + 0.7% of B) was homogenized in 31 % of biosolids, 15 % of urea polymerized (45 %), 48.3 % of potassium chloride, 4.2 % of boric acid and 1.50 % of water.  - The experimental design was in randomized blocks factorial 5 x 2 +1 being five doses, with and without a biostimulant plus an additional (mineral fertilization) in four replications. The experimental units corresponded to 9.0 m wide x 10.0 m long, composed by six rows of sugar cane in the spacing of 1.5 m. The area was composed by four central rows of each plot disregarding 1.0 m in each end totaling 48 m². The total area of each plot was 90 m 2 and the carriers were spaced 3.0 m between plots and blocks. It was used biostimulant to the roots containing 0.09 g dm -3 kinetin, 0.05 g dm -3 of acid 4-indole-3-ilbutírico and 0.05 g dm -3 of gibberellic acid) via inoculation (0.75 L ha -1 ) and spray volume of 100 L ha -1 on the sugar canestick in the furrow at planting.
The combinations of doses on treatments were in function of fertilization recommendation planting and coverage for each environment, consisting of: 100 % of the mineral source; and percentage 0; 60; 80; 100 and 120 % of organomineral fertilizer (with and without a biostimulant).To control weeds were used herbicides diuron, hexazinone and MSMA in doses of 3.2; 5.0 and 3.0 L ha -1 , respectively. The control of ants and termites was carried out with the active principle fipronil applied in the planting furrow at a dosage of 2.5 g ha -1 . It was performed like this in order to count the number of tillers in eight central meters of four lines were useful. The diameter was determined with a digital caliper at the time of the third ascending stem. For the height using a measuring tape from the cut at the base of the stem to the opposite end of the cut.

Statistical analysis
The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), carried out by the F test at 5% probability, and the averages were compared by the Tukey test and Dunnet's test at 0.05 significance level through software Assistat 7.7 Beta (SILVA; AZEVEDO, 2009). The adjustment of the regression equations were chosen based on the significance of the regression coefficients at 5% probability by the F test and the largest determination coefficient (R 2 ) Sigma Plot for Windows (Systat Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 12.0. Comparison was performed between two environments using the 5.1 software Genes (CRUZ, 2013).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the trial installed on the locality of Prata-MG, whose level of fertility of the soil presents chemical characteristics more restrictives for the cultivation of sugar cane in relation to the locality of Morrinhos-GO, the absence of fertilization promoted significant reductions on productivity, height, stem diameter and tillering in relation to nitrogen standard, corresponding to mineral fertilization (Table 3). Thus, while the mineral fertilization with 100 % of the recommendation promoted a yield of 113.1 t ha -1 , in the absence of fertilization, the productivity was 53.9 and 62.2 t ha -1 without and with biostimulant, respectively. There were no differences for the remaining percentage of fertilization. The imbalance and nutritional deficiency to the agricultural crops is a determinant factor for the occurrence of low yields (DOAN et al., 2015). Even if we have observed rainfall rates higher than those of Morrinhos-GO (Figure 1), a condition that favors the greater efficiency of nitrogen, were not observed in the experiment of Prata-MG significant differences on the parameters evaluated between the mineral fertilizer and organomineral at its different levels. The lower buffer capacity of the soil has to be limiting in the absence of fertilizer (JIANG et al. 2016). However, it is important to highlight that even using the Organomineral fertilizer at a dosage of 60% of the recommendation, there was a reduction only in average diameter of stem, when compared to mineral fertilization, keeping unchanged the other factors of production (Table 3). In contrast, even at a dose of 120% the fertilizer organomineral did not result in significant gains in relation to mineral fertilization. From the rate of 60 % was sufficient to ensure the proper development of the plants producing similar to rate of 120 %. Soils of high fertility can ensure good or better productivity of sugar cane (GOLDEMBERG; COELHO; GUARDABASSI, 2008). Kirkels, Cammeraat and Kuhn (2014) emphasizes the need to be replenishing nutrients in function of extraction by crops and thus remain close to the ideal for cultivation.
Under climate conditions and soil from the municipality of Prata-MG was not observed significant effect arising from the application of the biostimulant in the evaluation performed at 370 DAP on the parameters evaluated. The hormonal compound (kinetin acid, 4-indole-3-ilbutírico and gibberellic acid) not contributed to increase the efficiency of absorption of nutrients from the soil solution. On the other hand, Ferreira, Ferreira and Bolonhezi (2013) affirm that the hormonal compound improves nutrient absorption and helps to support the strict conditions of soil fertility.
In an experiment installed in Morrinhos-GO (Table 4), the higher fertility of the soil promoted quite different results in relation to the observed in the municipality of Prata-MG. Should also be considered that previously to the test, the area was cultivated for over a decade with corn and soybean in succession, having received phosphorus and the management of scouring, desiccation and incorporation of Crotalaria juncea, before planting of sugar cane. Thus, even in the absence of fertilization, were obtained the same productivity, height and stem diameter and number of tillers observed in the treatment with mineral fertilizer. Best fertility soils have greater resistance to change or depletion of nutrients in the soil (DOAN et al., 2015). Thus, the supply of nutrients to the plants are larger and promote the best development of the plants . Attention to the good performance of plots that received organomineral fertilizer with dosage of 60% of the recommendation, not differing mineral fertilization supplied at a dose of 100%. Characteristics inherent to the production technology gives the fertilizer organomineral ownership of controlled release, with the possible reduction of leaching, remaining at the disposal of the root system for a longer period of time (KOMINKO; GORAZDA; WZOREK, 2017). In theory, this could contribute to explain the greater efficiency of biofertilizer in fertilizer trials with different cultures.
In Morrinhos-GO conditions it was evidenced significant effect of biostimulant Evidenced significant effect of biostimulant in the average increase in yield in crop productivity in 13.4 t ha -1 comparing with the absence, while for the other parameters there were no significant gains. The development of the root system and aerial part is favored by the increase of cellular division and organogenesis of tissues. Thus, there is a greater production of photoassimilates and consequently productivity. The stimulator assists responses to adaptations of plants to extrinsic factors, mediating the reception of light in the aerial part, improving the absorption of water and nutrients to the roots (KOPRNA et al., 2016). Silva, Cato and Costa (2010) and Ferreira, Ferreira and Bolonhezi (2013) reported increases in productivity of ton of stalks per hectare and sugar in sugarcane ratoon regardless of genotype, with the use of biorreguladores vegetables. The biostimulanthelp to maintain the hormonal balance of the plant, making them less susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses (SHARMA et al., 2016).
On the area of lower fertility in Prata-MG, it was observed that average productivity ( Figure 2B) and stem diameter ( Figure 2F) with the use of a biostimulant adjusted the ascending linear regressions.
The maximum productivity and increased stem diameter recorded at a dose of 120% were respectively 47 t ha -1 and 31.51 mm with the use of a stimulator. In soils with low nutrient supply occurs massive responses to nitrogen supplied. This was evident by the agronomic performance of green cane fertilized with ammonium sulphate in a soil of the coastal plain found by (OLIVEIRA et al., 2017). Replacement of nutrients is emphasized by (KIRKELS; CAMMERAAT; KUHN, 2014) in function of extraction by crops and thus remain close to the ideal for cultivation.  The productivity averages ( Figure 2A) and stem diameter ( Figure 2E) without use of biostimulants were adjusted to quadratic regressions. While in the absence of biostimulant the maximum productivity of 122.4 t ha -1 was obtained in the dosage of 120%, the maximum diameter of 29.2 mm also in the dosage of 120%.
The average plant height adjusted to quadratic regressions without ( Figure 2C) and ( Figure 2D) biostimulant. However, while in the absence of the biostimulant maximum height of 2.45 m was obtained at a dosage of 100 %, when the use of the stimulator the maximum height was 2.44 m at a dosage of 94.6 %. Justified by the inverse of the happened in the area in Morrinhos-GO. In this way, the responses of the crop with the application of the biostimulant is dependent on the provision of nutrients in the soil solution. Thus, the increasing production of photoassimilates and consequently productivity of sugar cane is dependent on a better nutrition and absorption capacity. From then on, the biostimulant assists the plants to support diversity of different factors (KOPRNA et al., 2016;SHARMA et al., 2016).
On the other hand, no differences were found on nitrogen percentage in the area of greater soil fertility in Morrinhos-GO. As already mentioned, the textural characteristics, history of cultivation, phosphorus, cultivation of Crotalaria juncea has improved and increased the buffer capacity of the soil giving greater resistance to change variations in nutrient levels available in the soil solution (DOAN et al., 2015). In Table 5are presented comparisons by Tukey test between the averages of productivity and growth parameters of plants in the localities of Prata-MG and Morrinhos-GO. In the last locality, the best agronomic characteristics of the soil resulted in significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between the environments for all parameters evaluated when in the absence of fertilization, particularly with regard to the productivity that was 54.76 % higher in the test installed in the Goiás state without the application of the biostimulant and 46.60% in the presence of the stimulator. There is, however, that the mineral fertilization promoted equivalence of productivity, height and stem diameter and tillering between both locations. Possibly the greatest speed of dissolution of mineral fertilizer, elevation in the levels of elements provided the soil solution and consequent availability for the plant may have favored the similarity between the averages in both locations. The supply of nutrients are larger and contained in soils of higher level of fertility by promoting the best development of the plants . Tomei (2015) cites the competition for land in fertile volcanic soils of the pacific coast in the region of Guatemala for the cultivation of sugar cane.
Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, n. 5, p. 1564-1576 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v36n5a2020-42189  When is used organomineral fertilizer, the extent that was used fertilization levels between 80 and 120% of the recommended dose, the differences between the two environments for the averages observed in the parameters evaluated are not detectable. It seems that, regardless of the type of fertilizer, the correction of levels of essential elements to plants occurred on a satisfactory way In environment of lower soil fertility (Prata-MG) the different percentages of the fertilization of planting increase the productivity, height and diameter of the cane of the sugar cane; the use of biostimulants does not contribute to the yield of this crop.
In environment of greater soil fertility (Morrinhos-GO) the different percentages of the fertilization of planting do not improve productivity, tillering, height and diameter of the cane of sugarcane; the use of biostimulants increases yield of sugarcane.
Organomineral fertilizer based on biosolids can replace fertilizing with mineral fertilizer environments of low and high fertility.