The genus Rosa L. (Rosaceae) in the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijan)

Based on the long-term studies conducted in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (2004-2017) and the literature data, the composition of Rosa L. genus was investigated and its distribution zones were specified. It has become clear that 34 species of hips are spread in the area that, 30 of them are wild, and 4 of them – R. centifolia L., R. chinensis Jacq, R. damascena Mill., R. multiflora Thunb. are used for greenery of parks and gardens in cultivated conditions. In recent years, as a result of the effects of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the territory of the autonomous republic, wild species of Rosa L. genus have been found to be in danger. Therefore, considering their rare and endangered species of Rosa karjaginii Sosn., R. nisami Sosn., R. sosnovskyana Tamamsch., R. rapinii Boiss. & Bal., R. pimpinellifolia L., R. tuschetica Boiss. have been put “Red book” of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Rosa azerbaidzhanica Novopokr. et Rzazade, Rosa karyagini Sosn. və Rosa nisami Sosn. species have been put “Red Book” of Azerbaijan Republic and there have been shown protection ways.


Introduction
The species of Rosa L. genus are widely spread in the temperate and subtropical climatic zones of the world, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, Southern Africa, India and Mexico. There are over 200 wild species. However, there are thousands of varieties, forms and hybrids around the world of that genus known as the cultivated roses. This plant is cultivated very old time. Earlier in the 4th century, rose paintings were found on silver coins in the excavation of the Altai Province. Teofrast describes multipetalled roses 300 years before our era in Greece. Currently 25,000 varieties and forms of roses are known throughout the world and new varieties are being gotten (Askerov, 2006). That genus have been worked by V.G.Ghrshanovsky in the work of "Flora of Azerbaijan" (Ghrshanovsky, 1954).
On this work, there have been given description of 34 wild species spreading in Azerbaijan (taking into account the recent nomenclature changes) and 6 cultivated species. Later V.G. Ghrshanovsky (1953Ghrshanovsky ( , 1958, G.G. Gadzhieva (1969Gadzhieva ( , 1982Gadzhieva ( , 1983, A. Iskenderov (1975Iskenderov ( , 2005 have studied the species of the genus spread in Azerbaijan. The scientists described 7 new species (R.zakatalensis, R.mandenovii, R. abutalybovii, R. iljinii, R.jaroschenkoi, R.iassaevii, R.gadjievii) in different years for science and have found 4 species (R. oplisthes, R. gallica, R. transcaucasica, R. subafzeliana) for the flora of Azerbaijan. Thus, at present 45 wild species are recorded in the flora of Azerbaijan. According to the forms of life, the hips are foliated, some of which are climbing plants. According to the life forms, the hip species are shrub, some of them (Rosa multiflora) are climbing plants. There are thorns on trunks and branchs. Leaves are bipinnate with 5-7 leaves. The number of petal and sepal are 6. The leaves of sepal and petal are adjacent to the edge of the receptacle. Depending on the species the colours of petals are white, pink, yellow, dark-yellow. There are many stamens, they are adjacent or partly adjacent to the side of the hypantin. The pistils are located in the inside of hypantin, lower from the stamens and bottom of the hypantin. There are many pistils too, ovary is freely lacated in receptacle. The styles are long, extend from the hypantin to the outside, so that the stigma is outside. The fruit is nut fruit. When the fruits ripen the wall of the receptacle is pulped and covers the fruits. Depending on the species of the pulped receptacle is different (red, dark-orange, orange). ISSN 2412-1908; http://journal.asu.ru/index.php/biol/ There is made rose water from the petals of hip species, there is made jam, they are used for the treatment of many diseases because of the fruit contains "C". Rose species are one of the most widely cultivated ornamental plants in Azerbaijan. Very valuable rose oils are extracted from the petals of rose species in perfume industry.
The hips genus (Rosa L.) includes to the family of Rosaceae Juss. The findings of species content of Rosa L. genus are found in the monograph (Ghrshanovsky, 1958) by V.G.Ghrshanovsky "The Roses. Philogeny and Systematics. Spontaneous species of the European Union in the USSR, the Crimea and the Caucasus. The usage experiences and perspective". As a result of the analysis carried out by the author, 111 species of wild and cultivated hips were spread in the USSR, the Crimea and the European part of the Caucasus.
S.Ya.Sokolov, O.A.Svyazeva, V.A.Kubli on the book of "The areal of trees and bushes of USSR" (1980) there have been reported over 150 species during examination of the Rosa L. genus.
In the 50 years of XX century A.İ.Galushko (Galushko, 1959(Galushko, , 1962(Galushko, , 1967 has studied the taxonomic composition of the hips species spread in Caucasus, G.G. Gadzhieva (1969) andA.Iskenderov (1975) in Azerbaijan. According to V.G. Ghrshanovsky (1958), there have been spread 36 wild and 6 cultivated Rosa L. species in the areas of Azerbaijan. It is evident from the analysis of literature data, the composition of the Rosa L. genus in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic has not been sufficiently studied.
According to the work of "Flora of Azerbaijan" (Ghrshanovsky, 1954), 19 species of hips have spread in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Additionally, taking into account that, 3 species are located in neighboring regions, there have been given the fact of possibility of being found in the autonomous republic. However, after the publication of "Flora of Azerbaijan" (Ghrshanovsky, 1954) work, 10 dozens new species (Sofiyeva et al., 1970;Ibragimov, 2012Ibragimov, , 2015Talibov, İbragimov, 2013Talibov, İbragimov, , 2017Gadzhieva, 1982;Gurbanov, 1996;Ibragimov et al., 1982;Ibragimov, 2005;Isaev et al., 1977) were found in the autonomous republic and added to flora. J.P.Mandenova notes in the article of "Revision of Rosa species in Turkey" (Mandenova, 1970) that there is a need to conduct of clarifications approaching with the suspicion of R. tuschetica species have spread in the South Caucasus. However, herbarium materials collected around the villages of Tivi (1800 m) and Pazmari (1300 m) villages of the Ordubad region confirmed that this species were spread throughout the South Caucasus, including in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.
In the 1972-1980 years researches based on the Rosa L. genus spread in autonomous republic and the analysis of herbarium samples there have been given new species: R. Sosnowskyana, R. hracziani, R. tschaturdaqii Chrschn., R. vanheurckiana Crep. and R. elasmacantha st. sp. . ISSN 2412-1908; http://journal.asu.ru/index.php/biol/ According to T.H. Talibov and A.Sh. Ibragimov (2008), 33 species of Rosa L. genus have been spread throughout the autonomous republic, five species of them are found in a cultivated form.
As you can see, although there are some information about the species belonging to the genus of Rosa L. spread throughout the autonomous republic on the results of researches carried out at different times and on the literature data, but their species content is still undetermined, natural resources and their utilization remain untouched.

Materials and Methods
As a research material, there were taken hips species belonging to the Rosa L. genus from all the botanicalgeographical zones of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, which were collected by us during field surveys. At that time, classical and modern botanical floristic, systematic methods were used in the processing of the collected herbarium materials.
In order to clarify the current situation of the representatives of Rosa L. in the Azerbaijan Republic flora, there have been given attention to the herbariums kept at their Herbarium Fund of the Botany Institute of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (BAK), Bioresources İnstitute of Nakhchivan branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Nakhchivan State University, there have also been comparative analysis of herbarium samples concerning of organizations and various Institutions placed on their web sites. There have been determined the content of the Rosa L. genus fulfilling of field expeditions during 2004-2017.
On the identification of systematic taxa, there have been used S. K. Cherepanov (1995) and the determination of the areal there have been used the book of "Areas of trees and shrubs of the USSR" (Sokolov et al., 1980).
For each locality the coordinates and the altitudes were determined by using GPS.

Results and discussion
In order to clarify the current state of the hips species (Rosa L.) in the flora of Nakhchivan AR, the attention has been paid to the herbariums stored in the fund of Nakhchivan State University, Bioresources İnstitute Nakhchivan Branch of ANAS, pictures of herbarium samples placed on the site of different institutes and organizations have been analyzed and there has been identified the species composition of Rosa L. genus by implementing field studies in 2004-2017.
Based on the latest data from Academician T.H. Talibov and A.M.Ibragimov (2008) and herbarium examples collected during regular expeditions, we have determined that 33 species of Rosa L. genus have been spread throughout the autonomous republic. Four species of them are now widely cultivated in courtyard areas.
Below we give some information about the wild hips species spread in the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, based on V.G. Ghrshanovsky's (1958) systems. Specification of the names of species had been given by S.K. Czerepanov (1995). Since the botanical characteristics of the species had been given in different literature, we have only give information about the spread area of the species. R. tuschetica Boiss. have spread in mountain ranges of Nakhchivan AR, subalpine and alpine zones, nearby of forests. It is found in gravel-stony and grassy slopes around Bichanek, Aghbulag villages of Shahbuz region, Nurgut villages of Ordubad district. It is xeromesophyte. It is included to the Caucasus geographic areal types. Natural resources are limited because they are spread in small areas in small amount. It has been included to the Red Book of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Talıbov, İbrahimov, 2010) for its protection, rational and sustainable usage.  , distr. Chanlar, in processu m-tis Jaghdashdagh, in silva, 1300-1400m. 16.08.1994 Priligko. Type in Baku.
R. nisami Sosn. have spread in woods and bushes around Kuku, Batabat, Bichanek villages of Shahbuz region, Bilev, Behrud, Paragha, Bist, Urmus, Nasirvaz villages of Ordubad district. It is mesophytes. It is included to the Atropathan geographic areal types. Natural resources are exhausted since small amounts are spread in small areas. It is included to the Red Book of Azerbaijan (2013) and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Talıbov, İbrahimov, 2010) for its conservation, rational and sustainable usage. It is a rare species of Azerbaijan.