Abstract
Aging could be due to the accumulation of oxidative damage. On the other hand, growth hormone (GH) and estrogen deficiency induce deleterious effects on different tissues, and hormonal replacement could counteract these effects. We have investigated whether GH and estrogen administration modify some parameters related to oxidative stress and inflammation in hepatocytes isolated from old ovariectomized female rats. Twenty-two month-old ovariectomized animals were divided into control rats, rats treated with GH, rats treated with estradiol, and rats treated with GH+estradiol. Two-month-old intact female rats were used as young reference group. Hepatocytes were isolated, cultured, and CO and NO release, ATP, cyclic-guanosyl monophosphate (cGMP), and lipid peroxide (LPO) content of cells, as well as phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis, were measured. Hepatocytes isolated from old ovariectomized rats showed a decrease in ATP content and PC synthesis compared to young rats. Age also induced an increase in LPO, NO, CO, and cGMP. Treating old rats with GH significantly increased ATP and reduced CO and cGMP levels. Estradiol administration improved all the parameters that were altered. Co-administration of GH and estrogens induced a more marked effect than estrogens alone only in cGMP content. In conclusion, administration of estrogens to old ovariectomized females seemed to prevent oxidative changes in hepatocytes, whereas the effect of GH is not so evident.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Schmucker, D. L. (1990). Exp. Gerontol. 25, 403–412.
Anantharaju, A., Feller, A., and Chedid A. (2002). Gerontology 48, 343–353.
Gasbarrini, A., Simoncini, M., Di Campli, C., et al. (1998). Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 33, 1107–1112.
Palomero, J., Galan, A. I., Munoz, M. E., Tunon, M. J., Gonzalez-Gallego, J., and Jimenez, R. (2001). Free Rad. Biol. Med. 30, 836–845.
Harman, D. (1992). Mutat. Res. 275, 257–266.
Sohal, R. S., Mockett, R. J., and Orr, W. C. (2002). Free Rad. Biol. Med. 33, 575–586.
Troen, B. R. (2003). The Mount Sinai J. Med. 70, 3–22.
Chung, H. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. W., Choi, J. S., and Yu, B. P. (2002). Microsc. Res. Tech. 59, 264–272.
Breese, C. R., Ingram, R. L., and Sonntag, W. E. (1991). J. Gerontol. 46, B180-B187.
Toogood, A. A. and Shalet, S. M. (1998). Baillieres Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 12, 281–296.
Toogood, A. A., O’Neill, P. A., and Shalet, S. M. (1996). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81, 460–465.
Evans, L. M., Davies, J. S., Goodfellow, J., Rees, J. A. E., and Scanlon, M. F. (1999). Clin. Endocrinol. 50, 457–464.
Isaksson, O. G., Ohlsson, C., Bengtsson, B. A., and Johannsson, G. (2000). Endocr. J. (Suppl.) 47, S9–S16.
Andrawis, N., Jones, D. S., and Abernethy, D. R. (2000). J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 48, 193–198.
Gustafsson, H., Tordby, A. W., Brandin, L., Hedin, L., and Jonsdottir, I. H. (2002). Eur. J. Endocrinol. 146, 267–274.
Rudman, D., Feller, A. G., Nagraj, H. S., et al. (1990). N. Engl. J. Med. 323, 1–6.
Holloway, L., Butterfield, G., Hintz, R. L., Gesunheit, N., and Marcus, R. (1994). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 79, 470–479.
Sonntag, W. E., Lynch, C. D., Cooney, P. T., and Hutchins, P. M. (1997). Endocrinology 138, 3515–3520.
Cuttica, C. M., Castoldi, L., Gorrini, G. P., et al. (1997). Aging 9, 193–197.
Castillo, C., Cruzado, M., Ariznavarreta, C., et al. (2003). Exp. Gerontol. 38, 971–979.
Castilla-Cortazar, I., Garcia, M., Muguerza, B., et al. (1997). Gastroenterology 113, 1682–1691.
Jeschke, M. G., Herndon, D. N., Wolf, S. E., et al. (1999). J. Surg. Res. 83, 122–129.
Kajstura, J., Fiordaliso, F., Andreoli, A. M., et al. (2001). Diabetes 50, 1414–1424.
Castillo, C., Salazar, V., Ariznavarreta, C., et al. (2004). Endocrine 25(1), 33–39.
Pinzani, M., Romanelli, R. G., and Magli, S. (2001). J. Hepatol. 34, 764–767.
Compston, J. E. (2001). Physiol. Rev. 81, 419–447.
Sader, M. A. and Celermajer, D. S. (2002). Cardiovasc. Res. 53, 597–604.
Mikkola, T. S. and Clarkson, T. B. (2002). Cardiovasc. Res. 53, 605–619.
Sugioka, K., Shimosegawa, Y., and Nakano, M. (1987). FEBS Lett. 210, 37–39.
Lacort, M., Leal, A. M., Liza, M., Martin, C., Martinez, R., and Ruiz-Larrea, M. B. (1995). Lipids 30, 141–146.
Ruiz-Larrea, M. B., Leal, A. M., Martin, C., Martinez, R., and Lacort, M. (1997). Rev. Esp. Fisiol. 53, 225–229.
Cuzzocrea, S., Mazzon, E., Sautebin, L., et al. (2001). Mol. Med. 7, 478–487.
Lu, K. H., Hopper, B. R., Vargo, T. M., and Yen, S. S. (1979). Biol. Reprod. 21, 193–203.
Vom Saal, F. S., Finch, C. E., and Nelson, J. F. (1994). In: The physiology of reproduction, 2nd ed. Knobil, E. and Neill, J. D. (eds.). Raven Press: New York, pp. 1213–1314.
Ohlsson, C., Bengtsson, B. A., Isaksson, O. G., Andreassen, T. T., and Slootweg, M. C. (1998). Endocr. Rev. 19, 55–79.
Salazar, V., Vara, E., Castillo, C., et al. (2003). J. Physiol. 548P, P194 (Abstract).
Persky, A. M., Green, P. S., Stubley, L., et al. (2000). Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 223, 59–66.
Wight, E., Kung, C. F., Moreau, P., Takase, H., Bersinger, N. A., and Luscher, T. F. (2000). J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig. 7, 106–113.
Nathan, L. and Chaudhuri, G. (1998). Semin. Reprod. Endocrinol. 16, 309–314.
Liu, Y., Shimizu, I., Omoya, T., Ito, S., Gu, X. S., and Zuo, J. (2002). World J. Gastroenterol. 8, 363–366.
Leal, A. M., Ruiz-Larrea, M. B., Martinez, R., and Lacort, M. (1998). Biochem. Pharmacol. 56, 1463–1469.
Xu, J. W., Gong, J., Chang, X. M., et al. (2002). World J. Gastroenterol. 8, 883–887.
Bejma, J., Ramires, P., and Ji, L. L. (2000). Acta Physiol. Scand. 169, 343–351.
Van Remmen, H. and Richardson, A. (2001). Exp. Gerontol. 36, 957–968.
Youn, Y. K., Suh, G. J., Jung, S. E., Oh, S. K., and Demling, R. (1998). J. Burn Care Rehabil. 19, 542–548.
Shimizu, H., Uetsuka, K., Nakayama, H., and Doi, K. (2001). Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 53, 11–17.
Tani, Y., Kamai, Y., Yamate, K., et al. (2001). J. Toxicol. Sci. 26, 25–37.
Evans, L. M., Davies, J. S., Anderson, R. A., et al. (2000). Eur. J. Endocrinol. 142, 254–262.
Borras, C., Sastre, J., Garcia-Sala, D., Lloret, A., Pallardo, F. V., and Vina, J. (2003). Free Radic. Biol. Med. 34, 546–552.
Arivazhagan, P., Ramanathan, K., and Panneerselvam, C. (2001). Chem. Biol. Interact. 138, 189–198.
Tollet-Egnell, P., Flores-Morales, A., Stahlberg, N., Malek, R. L., Lee, N., and Norstedt, G. (2001). Mol. Endocrinol. 15, 308–318.
Sastre, J., Pallardo, F. V., and Viña, J. (2000). IUBMB Life 45, 427–435.
Alderton, W. K., Cooper, C. E., and Knowles, R.G. (2001). Biochem. J. 357, 593–615.
Reiter, R. J. (1998). Prog. Neurobiol. 56, 359–384.
Szabo, C. (2003). Toxicol. Lett. 140–141, 105–112.
Jeschke, M. G., Barrow, R. E., Suzuki, F., Rai, J., Benjamin, D., and Herndon, D. N. (2002). Mol. Med. 8, 238–246.
Baranano, D. E. and Snyder, S. H. (2001). PNAS 98, 10996–11002.
Ryter, S. W., Otterbein, L. E., Morse, D., and Choi, A. M. (2002). Mol. Cell Biochem. 234–235, 249–263.
Guo, X., Shin, V. Y., and Cho, C. H. (2001). Life Sci. 69, 3113–3119.
Varela, I., Pajares, M., Mérida, I., et al. (1986). In: First conference on biochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of transmethylation. Mato, J. M. (ed.). Jarpyo Editores: Madrid, pp. 25–33.
Vara, E., Arias-Diaz, J., Garcia, C., Hernández, J., and Balibrea, J. L. (1996). Am. J. Physiol. 271, L359-L365.
Rol de Lama, M. A., Pérez Romero, A., Tresguerres, J. A. F., Hermanussen, M., and Ariznavarreta, C. (2000). Eur. J. Endocrinol. 142, 517–523.
Arias-Diaz, J., Vara, E., Gomez, M., Moreno, A., Torres-Melero, J., and Balibrea, J. L. (1993). Eur. J. Surg. 159, 535–539.
Vara, E., Arias-Diaz, J., Torres-Melero, J., Garcia, C., Rodríguez, J. M., and Balibrea, J. L. (1994). Hepatology 20, 924–931.
Castillo, C., Cruzado, M., Ariznavarreta, C., et al. (2005). Biogerontology, in press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Castillo, C., Salazar, V., Ariznavarreta, C. et al. Effect of growth hromone and estrogen administration on hepatocyte alterations in old ovariectomized female wistar rats. Endocr 26, 11–18 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:26:1:011
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:26:1:011