Abstract
In the early 1970s, a number of chromosome banding techniques were developed which produced reproducible transverse bands of different lengths along human chromosomes. These techniques included Q-banding, a fluorescent banding technique discovered by Caspersson in 1969; G-banding, proposed in 1971 by both Sumner and Seabright; and R-banding, introduced by Dutrillaux and Lejeune in 1971 (1–4). Today conventional G-banding induced by either pretreatment with hot salt solutions or proteolytic enzymes has remained the gold standard in chromosome identification.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Caspersson T., Zech L., and Johansson C. (1970) Differential binding of alkylating fluorochromes in human chromosomes. Exp. Cell Res. 60, 315–319.
Sumner A. T., Evans H. J., and Buckland R. A. (1971) New technique for distinguishing between human chromosomes. Nature New Biol. 232, 31–32.
Seabright M. (1971) A rapid banding technique for human chromosomes. Lancet 11, 971–972.
Dutrillaux B. and Lejeune J. (1971) A new technic of analysis of the human karyotype. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l Academie des Sciences-D: Sciences Naturelles 272, 2638–2640.
Pinkel D., Straume T., and Gray J. W. (1986) Cytogenetic analysis using quantitative high-sensitivity, fluorescence hybridization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 2934–2938.
Pinkel D., Landegent J., Collins C., et al. (1988) Fluorescence in situ hybridization with human chromosome specific libraries: Detection of trisomy 21 and translocation of chromosome 4. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 9138–9142.
Lichter P., Cremer T., Borden J., Manuelidis L., and Ward D. C. (1988) Delineation of individual human chromosomes in metaphase and interphase cells by in situ suppression hybridization using recombinant DNA libraries. Hum. Genet. 80, 224–234.
Nederlof P. M., Robinson D., Abunesha R., et al. (1989) Three color fluorescence in situ hybridization for the simultaneous detection of multiple nucleic acid sequences. Cytometry 10, 20–27.
Nederlof P. M., Van der Flier S., Wiegant J., et al. (1990) Multiple fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cytometry 11, 126–131.
Nederlof P. M., van der Fleier S., Wiegant J., et al. (1992) Fluorescence ratio measurements of double-labeled probes for multiple in situ hybridization by digital imaging microscopy. Cytometry 13, 839–845.
Lengauer C., Green E. D., and Cremer T. (1992) Fluorescence in situ hybridization of YAC clones after Alu-PCR amplification. Genomics 13, 826–828.
Lengauer C., Speicher M. R., Popp S., et al. (1993) Chromosomal bar codes produced by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with multiple YAC clones and whole chromosome painting probes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2, 505–512.
Ried T., Baldini A., Rand T. C., and Ward D. C. (1992) Simultaneous visualization of seven different DNA probes by in situ hybridization using combinatorial fluorescence and digital imaging microscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 1388–1392.
Schrock E., du Manoir S., Valman T., et al. (1996) Multicolor spectral karyotyping of human chromosomes. Science 273, 494–497.
Speicher M. R., Ballard G. S., and Ward D.C (1996) Karyotyping human chromosomes by combinatorial multifluor FISH. Nat. Genet. 12, 368–375.
Muller S., Rocchi M., Ferguson-Smith M. A. and Wienberg J. (1997) Toward a multicolor chromosome bar code for the entire human karyotype by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Hum. Genet. 100, 271–278.
Antonacci R., Marzella R., Finelli P., Lonoce A. and Forabosco A. (1995) A panel of subchromosomal painting libraries representing over 300 regions of the human genome. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 68, 25–32.
Muller S., O’Brien P. C., Ferguson-Smith M. A., and Weinberg J. (1998) Cross-species color segmenting: A novel tool in human karyotype analysis. Cytometry 33, 445–452.
Wienberg J., Jauch A., Stanyon R., and Cremer T. (1990) Molecular cytotaxonomy of primates by chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization. Genomics 8, 347–350.
Jauch A., Wienberg J., Stanyon R., et al. (1992) Reconstruction of genomic rearragements in great apes and gibbons by chromosome painting. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 8611–8615.
Wienberg J., Stanyon R., Jauch A., and Cremer T. (1992) Homologies in human and Macaca fuscata chromosomes revealed by in situ suppression hybridization with human chromosome specific DNA libraries. Chromosoma 101, 265–270.
Koehler U., Arnold N., Wienberg J., Tofanelli A. and Stanyon R. (1995) Genomic reorganization in the concolor gibbon (Hylobates concolor) revealed by chromosome painting. Genomics 30, 287–292.
Kohler U., Bigoni F., Wienberg J. and Stanyon R. (1995) Genomic reorganization and disrupted chromosomal synteny in the Siamang (Hylobates syndactylus) revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 97, 37–47.
Wienberg J. and Stanyon R. (1997) Comparative painting of mammalian chromosomes. Curr. Opin. Genet. Develop. 7, 784–791.
Teixera M., Micci F., Dietrich C., and Heim S. (1999) Cross-species color banding characterization of chromosomal rearrangements in leukemias with incomplete G-band karyotypes. Gene Chromosom. Cancer 26, 13–19.
Micci F., Teixeira M. R., Dietrich C. U., Saeter G., Bjerkehagen B. and Heim S. (1999) Combined RxFISH/G-banding allows refined karyotyping of solid tumors. Hum. Genet. 104, 370–375.
Harrison C. J., Gibbons B., Yang F., et al. (2000) Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization and cross species color banding of a case of chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic crisis with a complex Philadelphia translocation. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 116, 105–110.
Teixeria M. R., Micci F., Dietrich C. U., and Heim S. (2000) Detailed genome-wide screening for inter-and intrachromosomal abnormalities by sequential G-banding and RxFISH color banding of the same metaphase cells. Cancer Genet. Cytogen. 119, 94–101.
Espinet B., Sole F., Salido M., et al. (2000) Application of cross-species color banding (RxFISH) in the study of T-prolymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 85, 607–612.
Koo S. H., Kwon K. C., Park J. W., Lee Y. E., and Kim J. W. (2000) Characterization of chromosomal breakpoints in an ALL patient using cross-species color banding. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 119, 118–120.
Zhao L., Hayes K., and Glassman A. (2000) Enhanced detection of chromosomal abnormalities with the use of RxFISH multicolor banding technique. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 118, 108–111.
Petek E., Wagner K., Steiner H., Schaffer H., and Kroisel P. M. (2000) Prenatal diagnosis of partial trisomy 4q26-qter and monosomy for the Wolf-Hirschhorn critical region in a fetus with split hand malformation. Prenatal. Diagnosis 20, 349–352.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Hopwood, V.L., Hada, C.J., Glassman, A.B. (2002). Color Banding. In: Fan, YS. (eds) Molecular Cytogenetics. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 204. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-300-3:133
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-300-3:133
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-006-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-300-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols