Modeling recapitulates the heterogeneous outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and quantifies the differences in the innate immune and CD8 T-cell responses between patients experiencing mild and severe symptoms
Fig 3
Predator-prey-like oscillations may underlie multiple viral load peaks.
(A) The dynamics of infected cells (I) and innate immune response (X) in the absence of CD8 T-cells (E). The asterisk represents rescaled variables (see Methods). (B) Corresponding trajectory on a phase plane plot of infected cells and innate response. (C) and (D) Predictions as in (A) and (B) but in the presence of E. Inset shows the dynamics of E over time (in days). The individual parameters for patient id 10 (Table 3) were used. Parameter values used are as the following: k1 = 4.41/day, k3 = 0.73/day, /day,
τ = 0.88 day, k6 = 0.2/day, k4 = 1.5/day,
α = 1.0×104, β = 2.0×104/day, γ = 0.5/day. In (A) and (B), we set
whereas in (C) and (D), we let
= 6.42×10−3/day.