Innate Immune Responses and Rapid Control of Inflammation in African Green Monkeys Treated or Not with Interferon-Alpha during Primary SIVagm Infection
Figure 5
Profiles of early cytokines in plasma and lymph node supernatants upon SIVagm infection.
Cytokine concentrations in plasma (n = 14 AGMs) and LN cell supernatants (n = 6 AGMs), as determined by ELISA or by a functional test for IFN-α: (A, B) IL-15, (C, D) IFN-α, (E, F) IP-10 and (G, H) MCP-1. The graphs are listed by order of appearance of the cytokines as described for pathogenic HIV infection [43]. Only cytokines known to be induced very early on in HIV infection are shown. The horizontal line in each box plot represents the median. The bottom and top edges of each box correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles. Whiskers extend up to adjacent values representing the largest and smallest values that are not outliers. Day zero represents the median of all the time points before infection. Red and hatched boxes indicate statistically significant increases relative to baseline with p<0.001 and 0.001<p<0.05, respectively (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test). The X axes were placed at the threshold value.