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The PPLD has advantages over conventional regression methods in application to moderately sized genome-wide association studies

Fig 3

Effects of decreasing minor allele frequency under H₀.

Shown here are QQ plots comparing sampling distributions (N = 400) under H₀ for minor allele frequency (MAF) = 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 compared to the corresponding behavior with MAF = 0.5, for CPH-P and log₁₀BR.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257164.g003