Determining minimal output sets that ensure structural identifiability
Fig 8
Example 4: Ligand binding model: Entries in the last right singular vector, corresponding to the smallest singular value of precisely zero, calculated for the measured output {x1, x2, x3, x4, x6}.
The non-trivial null-space indicates that the initial condition of state x5 is unidentifiable when this state is not measured. Accordingly, x5 should be included into the model’s minimal output set.