Vaccination by microneedle patch with inactivated respiratory syncytial virus and monophosphoryl lipid A enhances the protective efficacy and diminishes inflammatory disease after challenge
Fig 3
A single dose of FI-RSV MN patch delivery to the skin confers effective protection against RSV without disease.
Vaccinated and naïve mice (n = 5) were intranasally challenged with RSV A2 (5×105 PFU) at 3 weeks after a single dose. (A) Body weight changes after RSV infection. (B) Airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine. PenH (enhanced pause) was measured by a whole body plethysmograph in live mice at day 4 post RSV challenge, with increasing concentrations of inhaled methacholine (0–100 mg/ml). (C) Lung RSV titers day 5 post challenge. The viral titers were confirmed in duplicate experiments and the dotted line represents the detection limit. PBS: unimmunized mice. PBS+RSV: unimmunized mice with RSV infection. The groups of IM, IM+MPL, MN, and MN+MPL are the same as described in Fig 1. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significances were performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple-comparison tests in GraphPad Prism; *** p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.