Multi-year data from satellite- and ground-based sensors show details and scale matter in assessing climate’s effects on wetland surface water, amphibians, and landscape conditions
Fig 7
The difference between the total precipitation for March to August of each year and the overall mean of such seasonal precipitation from 1895 to 2015.
Seasonal totals for March to August were based upon data corrected for time bias and averaged across weather stations in each climate division identified on each graph. The Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge, St. Croix National Scenic Riverway, North Temperate Lakes Long-term Ecological Research area, and Upper Mississippi River were in MN-Div. 1, WI-Div. 1, WI-Div. 2, and WI-Div. 4, respectively. Red bars indicate the years of our field study (2008 to 2012). See S1 Table for information regarding the source of the climate data.