Seed Detection and Discrimination by Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Are Associated with Olfactory Cues
Fig 3
Mean residence time i.e. time spent by the carabid species P. melanarius, A. littoralis and H. affinis in the odour chamber from a) unimbibed seeds and b) imbibed seeds of B.napus, S.arvensis, T. arvense and control chambers of a four chambered olfactometer.
For a given carabid species, treatment means with different letters indicate significant differences in percent response to odours from different seed treatments using Tukey’s test.