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Opioid Use and Storage Patterns by Patients after Hospital Discharge following Surgery

Fig 2

Baseline characteristics of survey responders and by reported use of prescribed opioids after discharge.

Oral morphine equivalent doses are expressed in mg: oxycodone (mg) x 1.5; hydrocodone (mg) x 1; hydromorphone (mg) x 4, morphine (mg) x 1, and tramadol (mg) x 0.2. In the thoracic surgery group, two patients received more than one active opioid ingredient. “Low use” was defined as having reported taking less than half of their prescribed opioid pain medications (question #1 in the survey). “High use” was defined as having reported taking about half or more of the opioids prescribed. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t testA, Chi-square testB, and Mann-Whitney testC between patients reporting “low use” and “high use”. For the characteristic “Active opioid ingredients prescribed at discharge” multiple opioids could be prescribed for one patient; no statistical comparisons were performed. ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; VATS = video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Fig 2

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147972.g002