The Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Osteoclastogenesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Fig 5
The signaling pathways for VEGF-induced osteoclast differentiation from peripheral blood monocytes.
(A) CD14+ monocytes were cultured with M-CSF and 20 ng/ml of VEGF in the presence of 20ng/ml of anti-VEGFR1, 20ng/ml of anti-VEGFR2, or 10nM of p38 MAPK inhibitor. After 21 days of culturing, TRAP+ multinucleated cells were counted. The figure represents one of three independent experiments. (B) CD14+ monocytes were cultured with M-CSF and 20 ng/ml of VEGF in the presence of Src inhibitor (10 nM), or PKC inhibitor (5 nM). After 21 days of culturing, TRAP+ multinucleated cells were counted. The figure represents one of three independent experiments. (C) The gene expression of TRAP, RANK, CTR, cathepsin K, and MMP-9 from differentiated osteoclasts was measured by real-time PCR. Data were normalized to beta-actin and reported in relative expression units. The data represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.