Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) on ß-Defensins, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Apoptosis-Related Molecules in Keratinocytes In Vitro and In Vivo
Fig 4
Human and murine ß-defensin expression after the CAP treatment.
(a, b, c) mRNA expression of human ß-defensin-1 (HBD-1), ß-defensin-2 (HBD-2), and-3 (HBD-3) was analyzed 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in keratinocytes after the CAP treatment for 2 min. (d, e) ELISAs present the relative level of human BD-1 (HBD-1) and human BD-2 (HBD-2) secretion by keratinocytes after the CAP treatment for 2 min compared to control (ctr.). (f) mRNA expression of murine ß-defensins, MBD-1, MBD-2, and MBD-3 in epidermal skin tissue after 5x CAP treatment for 2 min compared to placebo control. *p < 0.05. (g) Immunohistochemistry against murine BD-2 (MBD-2) in murine tissue after 5x CAP treatment versus placebo control. Arrowheads exemplarily indicate MBD-2 positive keratinocytes, whereas a more intensive staining was observed in the CAP treated skin.