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Acute Kidney Injury Urinary Biomarker Time-Courses

Figure 1

Single Nephron Models.

A: Water reabsorption. B: Preformed biomarkers such as -GST are excreted at a rate (E) dependent on the initial (remaining) mass of biomarker and the production rate (P) of new biomarker. C: Induced biomarkers such as KIM-1 are excreted at a rate approximating a log-normal distribution. D: Filtered biomarkers such as Cystatin C are filtered at a rate (F) dependent on the plasma concentration and single nephron GFR and then reabsorbed at a rate dependent on the number of available transporters (T). Some biomarkers are also secreted (S). The final excretion rate is the sum of the gains minus the losses. The final concentration depends on the excretion rate divided by the urine flow rate. Modified after [34].

Figure 1

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101288.g001