Ecological Interactions Shape the Dynamics of Seed Predation in Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae)
Figure 5
Network of interactions that involve A. aculeata.
1- Direct interaction of fruit herbivory. 2- Direct interaction of seed predation. 3- Direct interaction of fruit decomposition. I1- Indirect interaction among the herbivore, fruit, and fungus. I2- Indirect interaction among the fungus, fruit, and predator. D1- Diffuse indirect interaction between the herbivore and the predator resulting from the indirect interactions (I1+I2).