From a Traditional Medicinal Plant to a Rational Drug: Understanding the Clinically Proven Wound Healing Efficacy of Birch Bark Extract
Figure 5
TE and betulin enhance the production of various cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in human keratinocytes after 24 h of incubation.
Cells were treated either with TE (1 µg/mL) or betulin (0.87 µg/mL, which is in 1 µg/mL TE) for 24 h. Protein levels of the indicated mediators were determined in the supernatant with the Bio-Plex® Cytokine Assay. Values represent means of two independent experiments ± s.d. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 versus control.