Mild Blast Events Alter Anxiety, Memory, and Neural Activity Patterns in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Figure 3
Mild blasts immediately after learning impaired retention of novel object recognition memories.
(A) Schematic illustration for the experimental regimen. (B) Representative exploration trajectories of two mice duration retention test (control mouse is in the left panel, blast mouse is on the right panel). The blast mice (in red) explored equally the novel object (circle on the left side) and familiar object (right circle). (C) The percentages of time in exploring novel object showed significant group difference between control and blast group in both 1 hr and 24 hr retention tests. (D) Preference scores also showed that blast group had reduced performances. (E) Numbers of contacts for novel vs. familiar objects. (F) The time on contacting novel or familiar object. The group data shows the blast mice did not exhibit any preference for the novel object whereas the control group formed significant novel object recognition memory at both 1-hr short-term memory test and 24-hr long-term memory test. (n = 15 for each group, repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01.).