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Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMPs) Levels Do Not Predict Disease Severity or Progression in Emphysema

Figure 1

BALF MMP and TIMP-1 protein levels and protease activity in controls, smokers and emphysema subjects.

BALF was performed on 72 normal control subjects, 16 smokers, and 101 subjects with moderate to severe emphysema who had refrained from smoking for at least six months. (A) MMP-1, (B) MMP-9, (C) MMP-12 and (D) TIMP-1 protein levels were recorded. p<0.0001 by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks followed by a Dunn’s multiple comparison test. p values shown, comparing both treatments connected by a line. (E) Collagenase and (F) elastase activity were measured in the BALF of 26 normal controls, 9 smokers without emphysema and 60 emphysema subjects. Differences between cohorts was assessed by ANOVA; p<0.05. (G) MMP-1/TIMP-1 BALF ratios and (H) MMP-9/TIMP-1 BALF ratios were determined in the BALF of 82 normal controls, 18 smokers without emphysema and 98 emphysema subjects. Differences between cohorts was assessed by ANOVA; p<0.05.

Figure 1

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056352.g001