HIV-1 Tat Promotes Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) vIL-6-Induced Angiogenesis and Tumorigenesis by Regulating PI3K/PTEN/AKT/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway
Figure 3
Tat enhances vIL-6-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in the CAM model.
(A) Tat enhances angiogenesis of 4E3 cells. 4E3 cells were transduced by lentiviral Tat, △Tat or Mock for 24 hours. Collected cells were mixed with matrigel and subsequently implanted onto the CAM (the detailed procedure seen in Methods). The representative angiogenic pictures and the quantification of blood vessels (C) on the CAM were shown. The number of blood vessels was normalized to that of Matrigel alone, and the results were expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 5 to 7). Two independent experiments were performed with similar results. (B) Tat enhances tumorigenesis of 4E3 cells. The representative tumor pictures and the quantification of tumor weight (D) on the CAM were shown. The tumor weight was normalized to that of Matrigel alone and the data represents the mean ± SD (n = 5 to 7). (E) Soluble Tat enhances angiogenesis and tumorigenesis (F) of 4E3 cells. The number of blood vessels was normalized to that of Matrigel alone, and the results were expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 6). (G) Tat promotes angiogenesis and tumorigenesis (H) of E6 cells. E6 cells were transduced by lentiviral Tat or Mock for 24 hours and implanted onto CAM. The tumor weight and number of blood vessels were normalized to those of Matrigel alone, and the data was the mean ± SD (n = 5 to 7). (I) H&E staining analysis of histological features in tumor tissues from Tat-transduced 4E3 cells on the CAM. The representative pictures were shown (original magnification, ×400). Arrows point to hemorrhagic foci.