Characterization of Porcine Aortic Valvular Interstitial Cell ‘Calcified’ Nodules
Figure 4
Raman spectroscopy of PAVICs and MOBs in culture compared through univariate and multivariate statistical analysis.
A - Raman spectra comparing a representative MOBs mineralized nodule spectrum (black), PAVICs grown in CTL media mean spectrum (dark grey), and PAVICs cultured in OST+TGF-β1 medium mean spectrum (shaded box over entire spectrum). Vertical shaded areas highlight the 960 cm−1 apatite peak and the 1070 cm−1 carbonate peak spectral range. B - Higher magnification of the PAVICs mean spectrum grown in CTL (dark grey) and in OST+TGF-β1 medium (light grey). The red spectrum is the difference between the two PAVICs mean spectra. Shaded red bands highlight spectral ranges which discriminate between groups. C - Scatter plot showing group separation between PAVICs grown in CTL medium (red triangles) vs. PAVICs grown in OST+TGF-β1 medium (green circles). D - Latent variables loadings used in the interval partial least squares discriminant analysis (iPLS-DA) model, bands highlighted are spectral ranges which contributed to the distinction between groups.