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Rare Variants in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 Increase Risk for AD in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Families

Figure 1

Pedigrees for some of the sequenced families illustrating the presence of phenocopies and low penetrance mutations or the presence of presymptomatic cases.

A) Pedigree for a family with the PSEN1 A79V mutation. B) Pedigree for a family with the GRN R493X mutation. AO indicates the subject or family report of age of onset of symptoms. AE = the age of last evaluation. MCI: Mild cognitive impairment or questionable dementia by family report.+symbol indicates that the subject is positive for the indicated mutation.−symbol indicates that the subject is negative for the indicated mutation. A number inside of a diamond indicates the number of subjects with the same status. Fully shaded circles or squares indicate confirmed AD by autopsy. Three/fourths shaded symbol indicates probable AD diagnosed using NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. One/fourth shaded symbol indicates that the family reports this individual has AD.

Figure 1

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031039.g001