Opto-Current-Clamp Actuation of Cortical Neurons Using a Strategically Designed Channelrhodopsin
Figure 4
Opto-current clamp of a cortical neuron.
A. Membrane currents under voltage clamp (brown traces) and potentials under current clamp (black traces) in response to the green LED pulses (green traces) applied on the whole visual field. B. Frequency of action potentials as a function of light power density. C. The rectified sinusoidal sweep of light (RSSL) from 0.1 to 100 Hz (top green), the photocurrent response of an L5 pyramidal neuron under voltage clamp (I, brown), the trial-to-trial responses of the membrane potential under current clamp (V1–V10, black) and the averaged membrane potential (Vav, blue). D. Wavelet analysis of voltage-clamp response. The relative level of energy coefficient is indicated by the pseudocolor scaling. The line indicates the time-frequency relationship of the RSSL. E. Wavelet analysis of current-clamp response.