Exploiting Nanotechnologies and TRPV1 Channels to Investigate the Putative Anandamide Membrane Transporter
Figure 2
Use of digital holographic (DH) quantitative phase microscopy for the study of AEA uptake.
Representative phase images for the effects of anandamide (AEA, 1 µM) in non-transfected HEK-293 cells, and of AEA (1 µM), capsaicin (CPS, 0.5 µM) and PCL-NP-AEA (1 µM) on TRPV1-HEK-293 cell surface topology as observed with digital holographic (DH) quantitative phase microscopy. Apparent membrane extrusions, observed in a TRPV1- and extracellular Ca2+-dependent way (see Fig. 3), are shown at ∼200 sec after addition of the drugs (lower panels), whereas the cell surface topology of the same cells is also shown at time 0, prior to addition of the substances (upper panels). See also Videos S1 and S3.