Tomato Lycopene Extract Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced NF-κB Signaling but Worsens Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in NF-κBEGFP Mice
Figure 1
TLE inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB signaling in IEC-18 cells.
(A) IκBα protein level was determined by Western blot analysis. β-actin was used as a loading control. Representative results of 3 independent experiments are shown. (B) Impact of TLE on LPS-induced RelA nuclear translocation was visualized using immunofluorescence staining. Representative results of two independent experiments are shown. (C) The effect of TLE on LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity was assayed using an NF-κB-luciferase reporter gene (Ad5κB-LUC). Luciferase activity is expressed as relative units determined as the mean±SEM of three independent experiments measured in triplicate. Data were analyzed by the Student's t test. Experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated three times. Veh, vehicle.