Perinatal Caffeine, Acting on Maternal Adenosine A1 Receptors, Causes Long-Lasting Behavioral Changes in Mouse Offspring
Figure 6
Effect of mother's genotype on cocaine responce.
A1R Hz mice are similar to mice exposed to perinatal caffeine in locomotor response to cocaine and this response seems to be dependent on mother's genotype, not offspring's (A,B). Closed circle represents WT mice born to a WT mother (M∶WT,O∶WT, males n = 11, females n = 12), open circle WT are mice born to an A1R Hz mother (M∶WT,O∶A1R Hz, males n = 6, females n = 6), closed square stand for A1R Hz mice born to a WT mother (M∶A1R Hz,O∶WT, males n = 6, females n = 3) and open square A1R Hz mice born to a A1R Hz mother (M∶A1R Hz,O∶ A1R Hz, males n = 12, females n = 10). Mice were habituated to the open-field arena for 45 min before administration of cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), immediately followed by a 90-min test session. Arrow indicates time of injection of cocaine or vehicle. Results are shown as means±S.E.M.. The enhanced response to cocaine was only present in offspring born to a mother heterozygous for the adenosine A1 receptor gene. Statistical analysis was performed with Two-Way ANOVA with factors offspring's genotype and factor mother's genotype (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001 significantly different from WT mother WT offspring). (C) Response to cocaine in the second generation. Open circle grandmother WT, mother WT, offspring WT (G∶WT,M∶WT,O∶WT, n = 9) and closed circle: grandmother A1R Hz, mother WT, offspring WT (G∶A1R Hz,M∶WT,O∶WT n = 4). After 45 min of habituatain mice were injected cocaine and analysed for the next 90 min. Each point represents the mean±S.E.M of the beam breaks recorded during 15 minute intervals for habituation 3 and cocaine challenge. Arrows indicate the time of cocaine injection. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test (*p<0.05).