Impacts of fungal entomopathogens on survival and immune responses of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens mosquitoes in the context of native Wolbachia infections
Fig 2
Gene expression of mosquito immune signaling pathway components under the context of natural Wolbachia and fungal entomopathogenic infections.
Significant effects (SE) indicate whether the independent factors: Fungal entomopathogen (F), Wolbachia presence (W) or their interaction (F*W) were statistically significant. The red horizontal line indicates LS-means from eight to eleven biological replicates per treatment, originating from at least three independent experiments. Groups sharing the same letter are not significantly different at p<.05 based on differences of least-squares means. Uppercase letters refer to statistically significant fungal effects. W-, Wolbachia-free; W+, Wolbachia-infected; B. bass., B. bassiana; B. brog., B. brongniartii. See Table 1 for complete statistics from the Two-Way ANOVA.